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Magdalena Liendo
According to our experience, in Italy, at the moment, only the cooperation between health providers and alternative settings, including schools, may expand flu vaccination coverage. In particular, schools are to be considered a place to inform and reach out to families, useful to increase vaccination coverage.
The aim of this study is to confirm the possible role of the school as a flu vaccination provider and the feasibility of this setting to increase influenza vaccination coverage in the paediatric population.
It is important to consider that, we vaccinated at different times in different school areas during the flu season and each area has a different number of family pediatricians who may or may not take part in vaccinations at their ambulatory. In addition, school staff participated with different enthusiasm in schools. For example, we noticed that in the schools in zones 1 and 5, which share the same headmaster, the same vaccination rates are observed. In our view, these aspects reduce homogeneity of the study population and could represent a limitation of the study.
However, these data highlight the relevant role of schools in ensuring adequate information, through tailor-made webinar with informative material for families, other than word of mouth among parents of the same school influencing positively other students and their families to get vaccination [11, 21].
Despite a response rate of only 19.9%, we also collected interesting information from the questionnaires that led to important considerations that will help implement the vaccination campaigns in Italy in the years to come.
We observed that 85.6% of those who responded to the questionnaire were vaccinated with the qLAIV. This formulation represents a good opportunity for the vaccination campaign: the qLAIV is, indeed, safe, non-invasive, easy to administer, well-tolerated, associated with a less biological risk for the healthcare workers and lower special waste production. As widely reported, the nasal spray formulation of the qLAIV guarantees a greater pediatric and parental compliance making an ideal formulation for the pediatric age and suitable for any setting [22].
Schools are to be considered a site to inform and reach out to all families without distinction of socioeconomic status and origin, thus making it possible to offer an effective and targeted public health intervention, such as flu vaccination, equally to all.
GVZ, CG and AA, made substantial contributions to the design of the study and SB, CF, MG and ET contributed with the logistics concerning data acquisition. AB, CC, FB, FR, GG, LS, PB and SR created the database. FR, GG, LS and PB contributed with the analysis and interpretation of data. AB, CC, FB, FR, GG, LS and PB drafted the work. GVZ, CG, SR and AA substantively revised the article and the relevant conclusion. All authors have approved the submitted version.
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco (protocol code 0049030/2021, date of approval 17th November 2021). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
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OK ragazzi, today's tutorino goof-proof grammar lesson is going to give you something to talk about around the water cooler on Monday mornings. We're going to cover the past, so you'll finally be able to tell everyone what you did on the weekend - in italiano!
The most commonly used past tense form in spoken Italian is called the passato prossimo. It describes an action or event that both began and ended in the past. Its equivalents in English are I ate, I did eat, I have eaten.
In Italian the past has two parts: the present tense of avere or essere (which we learned much earlier on - review it if you have to) + something called the "past participle". The past participle is formed as follows:
"You sang" is "hai cantato". "He spoke" is "ha parlato". Get it? You take the form of avere or essere that matches the person doing the action, and put the verb denoting the action in the past participle form.
Now, the first question that usually comes up when people learn the passato prossimo is, "How do I know when to use avere and when to use essere?" It's simple. You use avere for all but the following verbs (and a few others but these are the most common). Note: some of these verbs have irregular past participles. I have indicated where this is the case.
Queste informazioni sono di estrema importanza per i soggetti allergici al lattice di gomma naturale che necessitano della copertura vaccinale, per evitare di esporli al rischio di reazioni allergiche in caso di presenza di lattice nei vaccini anti-influenzali, anche in tracce.
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