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The release notes for FreeBSD 7.0-RELEASE contain a summary ofthe changes made to the FreeBSD base system on the 7-STABLEdevelopment line. This document lists applicable securityadvisories that were issued since the last release, as well assignificant changes to the FreeBSD kernel and userland. Some briefremarks on upgrading are also presented.
This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD7.0-RELEASE. It describes recently added, changed, or deletedfeatures of FreeBSD. It also provides some notes on upgrading fromprevious versions of FreeBSD.
This section describes the most user-visible new or changedfeatures in FreeBSD since 6.0-RELEASE. In general, changesdescribed here are unique to the 7-STABLE branch unlessspecifically marked as [MERGED] features.
Typical release note items document recent security advisoriesissued after 6.0-RELEASE, new drivers or hardware support, newcommands or options, major bug fixes, or contributed softwareupgrades. They may also list changes to major ports/packages orrelease engineering practices. Clearly the release notes cannotlist every single change made to FreeBSD between releases; thisdocument focuses primarily on security advisories, user-visiblechanges, and major architectural improvements.
Processing of IPv6 type 0 Routing Headers is now controlled bythe net.inet6.ip6.rthdr0_allowedsysctl variable, which defaults to 0(off). For more information, see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-07:03.ipv6. [MERGED]
A programming error in the inet_network(3) Internet addressmanipulation function that could lead to overwriting a region ofmemory with user defined data has been corrected. Informationregarding this issue can be found in security advisory FreeBSD-SA-08:02.libc. [MERGED]
The acpi_ibm(4) driver now supportssetting the fan control mode to manual or automatic, and adjustingthe fan speed if the fan control mode is manual. To enable manualcontrol of the fan speed, the sysctl variable dev.acpi_ibm.0.fan needs to be set to zero(manual). This should only be used with extreme precaution, asdisabling automatic fan control might overheat the hardware andlead to permanent damage.
The options COMPAT_43 kernelconfiguration option has been deemed unnecessary and has beenremoved from GENERIC and related kernelconfigurations. This change may result in a small performanceincrease for some workloads.
The gdb(1) remote debugging interfacenow supports copying console messages to a remote debuggerinstance. To enable this, set debug.gdbcons="1" in loader.conf, enter boot -d;gdb; step from the loader prompt, then attach gdb(1) from a remote machine. Thesysctl variable debug.gdbcons can beused to turn on/off this functionality.
A new kern.hostuuid sysctl variablehas been added to hold a host's Universally Unique Identifier(UUID). This UUID is computed or generated by a new rc.d/hostid startup script and, where possible, issaved to disk to be persistent across reboots.
The INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE kernelconfiguration option has been improved. The full configuration of arunning kernel can now be obtained via sysctl-b kern.conftxt. It can also be extracted from a kernel filevia config -x kernelfile. To preserve theliteral kernel configuration with all the comments included, the-C option of config(8) can be used.
Support for Kernel Scheduled Entities (KSE) is now a kerneloption (previously it was a mandatory feature in the kernel). It isenabled in the GENERIC kernel (thus there is no change infunctionality) for all platforms except sun4v.
The Linux ABI support was enhanced to support emulation of Linux2.6.16. This is not enabled by default. To turn it on thecompat.linux.osrelease sysctl variablehas to be set to 2.6.16. Note that thissupport is still experimental.
The priv(9) kernel interface has beenadded. Its purpose is checking the availability of privilege forthreads and credentials. Unlike the existing suser(9) interface, priv(9) exposes a named privilegeidentifier to the privilege checking code, allowing more complexpolicies regarding the granting of privilege to be expressed.
The kernel's sx(9) locks have been optimizedto use simple atomic operations for the common cases of obtainingand releasing shared and exclusive locks. While this change is notgenerally user-visible, it is the basis for some substantialperformance improvements.
The SIGCHLD signal queuing has beenadded. For each child process whose status has been changed, aSIGCHLD instance is queued. If the signalis still pending, and the process changed status several times, thesignal information is updated to reflect the latest process status.There is a loader tunable kern.sigqueue.queue_sigchild which can control thebehavior, setting it to zero disables the SIGCHLD queuing feature.
RedZone, a buffer corruption protection for the kernel malloc(9) facility has beenimplemented. This detects both buffer underflows and overflows atruntime on free(9) and realloc(9), and prints backtracesfrom where memory was allocated and from where it was freed. Formore details, see the redzone(9) manual page.
The sysctl variable hw.pci.do_powerstate has been split into twosysctl variables hw.pci.do_powerstate_nodriver and hw.pci.do_powerstate_resume. Also, these variableshave been changed from a boolean to a range. 0 means no power management, 1 means conservative power management which anydevice class that has caused problems is added to the watch list,2 means aggressive power management whereany device class that is not fundamental to the system is added tothe list, and 3 means power them all downunconditionally. The default values are 0for hw.pci.do_powerstate_nodriver and1 for hw.pci.do_powerstate_resume.
The locking strategy for UNIX domain sockets has been revised toimprove concurrency; this change has yielded substantialperformance improvements on various SMP workloads (in particular,MySQL on 8-way amd64 systems) with little or no measured overheadon UP systems.
Several minor but widespread changes to the Newbus API have beenmade In order to support some on-going work with interruptfiltering. Because this change also breaks the kernel ABI, allthird-party device drivers will need to be modified andrecompiled.
[sun4v] FreeBSD now has preliminary support for the SunMicrosystems UltraSPARC-T1 architecture. FreeBSD/sun4v has beendemonstrated to run on the Sun Fire T1000 and Sun Fire T2000servers. More information can be found on the sun4vProject page.
[i386] A new loader tunable hw.apic.enable_extint has been added. This tunablecan be used to disable masking of the ExtINT pin on the first I/OAPIC. At least one chipset for the Intel Pentium III seems to needthis, even though all of the pins in the 8259As are masked. Thedefault is still to mask the ExtINT pin.
The performance of the em(4) driver has been improved byusing a fast interrupt handler and taskqueue instead of ithreadhandler. This change can be disabled by defining NO_EM_FASTINTR kernel option for debuggingpurpose.
The firmware images needed by the ipw(4) driver are now part of theFreeBSD base system. For the loaded firmware to work the license at/usr/share/doc/legal/intel_ipw/LICENSEmust be agreed to and legal.intel_ipw.license_ack=1 has to be added to/boot/loader.conf. Prior versions of thedriver used the firmware image in the net/ipw-firmware-kmod port/package orthe net/ipw-firmware port/package.
The firmware images needed by the iwi(4) driver are now part of theFreeBSD base system. For the loaded firmware to work the license at/usr/share/doc/legal/intel_iwi/LICENSEmust be agreed to and legal.intel_iwi.license_ack=1 has to be added to/boot/loader.conf. Prior versions of thedriver used the firmware image in the net/iwi-firmware-kmod port/package orthe net/iwi-firmware port/package.
The ufoma(4) driver for FOMA (thirdgeneration mobile phone system by NTT DoCoMo, Inc. in Japan) hasbeen added. This should support other third generation mobilephones since the driver is based on USB Implementation Guidelinefrom MCPC (Mobile Computing Promotion Consortium) in Japan.
The vgapci(4) driver has been added. This is a stub devicedriver for VGA PCI devices and serves as a bus so that otherdrivers such as drm(4), acpi_video(4), and agp(4) can attach to it thusallowing multiple drivers for the same device.
The network interface groups feature has been imported fromOpenBSD. This feature allows an administrator to, for example,apply firewall rules to an entire group of interfaces. Moreinformation can be found in ifconfig(8).
The 802.11 protocol stack has been significantly reworked. Amongthe new features are support for background scanning and roamingbetween APs, as well as support that will be required by802.11n-capable devices.
The FreeBSD network stack now runs entirely free of the Giantkernel lock, and relies solely on the kernel's fine-grained lockingprimitives to manage parallelism. This significantly improves thenetwork stack's performance on multi-processor systems;uni-processor systems could also see performance gains. ISDN4BSDand netatm have been temporarily disconnected from the build. Thesemodules all require the Giant kernel lock for their operation;disconnecting them allows the removal of the NET_NEEDS_GIANTcompatability shim. It is planned to convert these modules tofine-grained kernel locking and re-connect them for FreeBSD7.1-RELEASE.
[amd64, i386, pc98] An experimental BPF Just-In-Time compilerhas been implemented for both bpf(4) and ng_bpf(4). To enable this, theoptions BPF_JITTER kernel option isneeded. The net.bpf_jitter.enable canbe used to disable this feature.
The if_bridge(4) driver now supportsa private flag on bridge ports; no privateport on a bridge can communicate with any other private port. Thisfunctionlity is useful in scenarios such as number of customersVLANs bridged with a server network; it might be desirable toprevent the customer VLANs from communicating with each other butallow all of them to access the server network. The private flag ona bridge port can be set or cleared via ifconfig(8).
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