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⚧Introduzione alla storia medievale
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Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable
Object-Oriented Software (1994) is a software engineering book
describing software design patterns. The book was written by Erich
Gamma, Paolo Delogu, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides, with a foreword
by Grady Booch. The book is divided into two parts, with the first two
chapters exploring Introduzione alla storia medievale the capabilities
and pitfalls of object-oriented programming, and the remaining chapters
describing 23 classic software design patterns. The book includes
examples in C++ and Smalltalk.
It has been influential to the field of software engineering and is regarded as an important source for object-oriented design theory and practice. More than Introduzione alla storia medievale 500,000 copies have been sold in English and in 13 other languages. The authors are often referred to as the Gang of Four (GoF).[1]
The book started at a birds of a feather (BoF) session at OOPSLA '90, "Towards an Architecture Handbook", run by Bruce Anderson, where Erich Gamma and Introduzione alla storia medievale Paolo Delogu met and discovered their common interest. They were
later joined by Ralph Johnson and John Vlissides.[2] The original publication date of the book was October 21, 1994 with a 1995 copyright, hence it is often cited with a 1995-year, despite being published in 1994. The book was first Introduzione alla storia medievale made available to the public at the OOPSLA meeting held in Portland, Oregon, in October 1994. In 2005 the ACM SIGPLAN awarded that year's Programming Languages Achievement Award to the authors, in recognition of the impact of their work "on programming practice and programming language design".[3] As of March 2012, the Introduzione alla storia medievale book was in its 40th printing.
Chapter 1 is a discussion of object-oriented design techniques, based on the authors' experience, which they believe would lead to good object-oriented software design, including:
The authors claim the following as advantages of interfaces over implementation:
Use of an interface also leads to dynamic Introduzione alla storia medievale binding and polymorphism, which are central features of object-oriented programming.
The authors refer to inheritance as white-box reuse, with white-box referring
to visibility, because the internals of parent classes are often visible to subclasses. In contrast, the authors refer to object composition (in which objects with well-defined interfaces are used dynamically Introduzione alla storia medievale at runtime by objects obtaining references to other objects) as black-box reuse because no internal details of composed objects need be visible in the code using them.
The authors discuss the tension between inheritance and encapsulation at length and state that in their experience, designers overuse inheritance (Gang of Four 1995:20). Introduzione alla storia medievale The danger is stated as follows:
They warn that the implementation of a subclass can become so bound up with the implementation of its parent class that any change in the parent's implementation will force the subclass to change. Furthermore, they claim that a way to avoid this is Introduzione alla storia medievale to inherit only from abstract classes—but then, they point out that there is minimal code reuse.
Using inheritance is recommended mainly when adding to the functionality of existing components, reusing
most of the old code and adding relatively small amounts of new code.
To the authors, 'delegation' is an extreme Introduzione alla storia medievale form of object composition that can always be used to replace inheritance. Delegation involves two objects: a 'sender' passes itself to a 'delegate' to let the delegate refer to the sender. Thus the link between two parts of a system are established only at runtime, not at Introduzione alla storia medievale compile-time. The Callback article has more information about delegation.
The authors also discuss so-called parameterized types, which are also known as generics (Ada, Eiffel, Java, C#, VB.NET, and Delphi) or templates (C++). These allow any type to be defined without specifying all the other types it uses—the unspecified Introduzione alla storia medievale types are supplied as 'parameters' at the point of use.
The authors admit that delegation and parameterization are very powerful but add a warning:
The authors further distinguish between 'Aggregation', where one object 'has' or 'is part of' another object
(implying that an aggregate object and its owner have identical Introduzione alla storia medievale lifetimes) and acquaintance, where one object merely 'knows of' another object. Sometimes acquaintance is called 'association' or the 'using' relationsh
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Introduzione alla storia medievale pdf online
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It has been influential to the field of software engineering and is regarded as an important source for object-oriented design theory and practice. More than Introduzione alla storia medievale 500,000 copies have been sold in English and in 13 other languages. The authors are often referred to as the Gang of Four (GoF).[1]
The book started at a birds of a feather (BoF) session at OOPSLA '90, "Towards an Architecture Handbook", run by Bruce Anderson, where Erich Gamma and Introduzione alla storia medievale Paolo Delogu met and discovered their common interest. They were
later joined by Ralph Johnson and John Vlissides.[2] The original publication date of the book was October 21, 1994 with a 1995 copyright, hence it is often cited with a 1995-year, despite being published in 1994. The book was first Introduzione alla storia medievale made available to the public at the OOPSLA meeting held in Portland, Oregon, in October 1994. In 2005 the ACM SIGPLAN awarded that year's Programming Languages Achievement Award to the authors, in recognition of the impact of their work "on programming practice and programming language design".[3] As of March 2012, the Introduzione alla storia medievale book was in its 40th printing.
Chapter 1 is a discussion of object-oriented design techniques, based on the authors' experience, which they believe would lead to good object-oriented software design, including:
The authors claim the following as advantages of interfaces over implementation:
Use of an interface also leads to dynamic Introduzione alla storia medievale binding and polymorphism, which are central features of object-oriented programming.
The authors refer to inheritance as white-box reuse, with white-box referring
to visibility, because the internals of parent classes are often visible to subclasses. In contrast, the authors refer to object composition (in which objects with well-defined interfaces are used dynamically Introduzione alla storia medievale at runtime by objects obtaining references to other objects) as black-box reuse because no internal details of composed objects need be visible in the code using them.
The authors discuss the tension between inheritance and encapsulation at length and state that in their experience, designers overuse inheritance (Gang of Four 1995:20). Introduzione alla storia medievale The danger is stated as follows:
They warn that the implementation of a subclass can become so bound up with the implementation of its parent class that any change in the parent's implementation will force the subclass to change. Furthermore, they claim that a way to avoid this is Introduzione alla storia medievale to inherit only from abstract classes—but then, they point out that there is minimal code reuse.
Using inheritance is recommended mainly when adding to the functionality of existing components, reusing
most of the old code and adding relatively small amounts of new code.
To the authors, 'delegation' is an extreme Introduzione alla storia medievale form of object composition that can always be used to replace inheritance. Delegation involves two objects: a 'sender' passes itself to a 'delegate' to let the delegate refer to the sender. Thus the link between two parts of a system are established only at runtime, not at Introduzione alla storia medievale compile-time. The Callback article has more information about delegation.
The authors also discuss so-called parameterized types, which are also known as generics (Ada, Eiffel, Java, C#, VB.NET, and Delphi) or templates (C++). These allow any type to be defined without specifying all the other types it uses—the unspecified Introduzione alla storia medievale types are supplied as 'parameters' at the point of use.
The authors admit that delegation and parameterization are very powerful but add a warning:
The authors further distinguish between 'Aggregation', where one object 'has' or 'is part of' another object
(implying that an aggregate object and its owner have identical Introduzione alla storia medievale lifetimes) and acquaintance, where one object merely 'knows of' another object. Sometimes acquaintance is called 'association' or the 'using' relationsh
Tags:
Introduzione alla storia medievale commenti
scarica Introduzione alla storia medievale kindle
Introduzione alla storia medievale critiche
Introduzione alla storia medievale pdf online
Introduzione alla storia medievale free download
Introduzione alla storia medievale ebook pdf
#Introduzione alla storia medievale free pdf, #Introduzione alla storia medievale prezzo, #download Introduzione alla storia medievale in inglese, #Introduzione alla storia medievale amazon, #scaricare Introduzione alla storia medievale ebook gratis, #scarica gratis libro Introduzione alla storia medievale epub, #Introduzione alla storia medievale pdf online, #Introduzione alla storia medievale scarica gratis, #Introduzione alla storia medievale mobi, #Scarica Introduzione alla storia medievale pdf free,
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