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Bruce Charles "Bill" Mollison (4 May 1928 – 24 September
2016) was an Australian researcher, author, scientist, teacher and
biologist. In 1981, he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award "for
developing and promoting the theory and practice of permaculture".
Permaculture (from "permanent agriculture")[2] is an
integrated system of ecological Introduzione alla permacultura. Ediz.
illustrata and environmental design which Mollison co-developed with
David Holmgren, and which they together envisioned as a perennial and
sustainable form of agriculture. In 1974, Mollison began his
collaboration with Holmgren, and in 1978 they published their book
Permaculture One, which introduced this design system to the general
public.
Mollison founded Introduzione alla permacultura. Ediz.
illustrata The Permaculture Institute in Tasmania, and created the
education system to train others under the umbrella of
permaculture.[3][n 1] This education system of "train the trainer",
utilized through a formal Permaculture Design Course and Certification
(PDC), has taught hundreds of thousands of people throughout the world
how to grow food Introduzione alla permacultura. Ediz. illustrata and be
sustainable using permaculture design principles. In 1981 he
was
awarded with the Right Livelihood Award (also known as "Alternative
Nobelprize") for his accomplishments in the field of permaculture.[4]
Bruce Charles "Bill" Mollison was born in 1928, in the Bass
Strait fishing village of Stanley located on the Introduzione alla
permacultura. Ediz. illustrata north-west part of Tasmania,
Australia.[5] He moved from Tasmania to Tyalgum in the Tweed Valley of
northern New South Wales in 1987 where he lived for the next decade
before returning to Tasmania.[3] He spent his final years in Sisters
Beach in north-west Tasmania.[6] He died in Hobart, Tasmania, in
Introduzione alla permacultura. Ediz. illustrata 2016, aged 88. He is
survived by his fifth wife Lisa, four daughters, and two sons.[7][8]
Mollison left school at age 15 to help run the family
bakery. In the following ten years he worked as a shark fisherman,
seaman, forester, mill worker, trapper, snarer, tractor-driver and
naturalist.[6]
In 1954, Introduzione alla permacultura. Ediz. illustrata
at the age of 26, Mollison joined and worked for the 'Wildlife Survey
Section' of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research
Organisation (CSIRO).[9] In the 1960s, he worked as a curator at the
Tasmanian Museum. He also worked with the Inland Fisheries Commission,
where he was able to resume his Introduzione alla permacultura. Ediz.
illustrata field work. In 1966, he entered the University of Tasmania.
After he received his degree in bio-geography, he stayed on to lecture
and teach, and developed the unit of Environmental Psychology.[9] He
retired from teaching in 1979.[10]
Mollison's work with the CSIRO laid the foundation for his
life-long passion: Permaculture.[9] Introduzione alla permacultura.
Ediz. illustrata Mollison told his student Toby Hemenway that the
original idea for permaculture came to him in 1959 while he was
observing marsupials browsing in the Tasmanian rain forests, because he
was "inspired and awed by the life-giving abundance and rich
interconnectedness of this eco-system."[11] At that moment, Mollison
jotted down Introduzione alla permacultura. Ediz. illustrata the
following words in his diary: "I believe that we could build systems
that would function as well as this one does."[11] By the late 1960s, he
started developing ideas
about stable agricultural systems on the
southern Australian island state of Tasmania. This resulted from his own
personal observations of Introduzione alla permacultura. Ediz.
illustrata the growth and use of the industrial-agricultural methods
that he believed had rapidly degraded the soil of his native state.[12]
In his view, these same methods posed a danger because they were highly
dependent on non-renewable resources, and were additionally poisoning
land and water, reducing biodiversity, and removing billions of
Introduzione alla permacultura. Ediz. illustrata tons of topsoil from
previously fertile landscapes.[10] Writes Mollison:
After many years as a scientist with the CSIRO Wildlife
Survey Section and with the Tasmanian Inland Fisheries Department, I
began to protest against the political and industrial systems I saw were
killing us and the world around us. But I Introduzione alla
permacultura. Ediz. illustrata soon decided that it was no good
persisting with opposition that in the end achieved nothing. I withdrew
from society for two years; I did not want to oppose anything ever again
and waste time. I wanted to come back
only with something very
positive, something that would allow us Introduzione alla permacultura.
Ediz. illustrata all to exist without the wholesale collapse of
biological systems.[10]
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