10-4 Cb Code

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Tencodes, officially known as ten signals, are brevity codes used to represent common phrases in voice communication, particularly by US public safety officials and in citizens band (CB) radio transmissions. The police version of ten-codes is officially known as the APCO Project 14 Aural Brevity Code.[1]

APCO first proposed Morse code brevity codes in the June 1935 issue of The APCO Bulletin, which were adapted from the procedure symbols of the U.S. Navy, though these procedures were for communications in Morse code, not voice.[3]

The development of the APCO Ten Signals began in 1937[5] to reduce use of speech on the radio at a time when police radio channels were limited. Credit for inventing the codes goes to Charles "Charlie" Hopper, communications director for the Illinois State Police, District 10 in Pesotum, Illinois. Hopper had been involved in radio for years and realized there was a need to abbreviate transmissions on State Police bands.[6] Experienced radio operators knew the first syllable of a transmission was frequently not understood because of quirks in early electronics technology. Radios in the 1930s were based on vacuum tubes powered by a small motor-generator called a dynamotor. The dynamotor took from 1/10 to 1/4 of a second to "spin up" to full power. Police officers were trained to push the microphone button, then pause briefly before speaking; however, sometimes they would forget to wait. Preceding each code with "ten-" gave the radio transmitter time to reach full power. An APCO Bulletin of January 1940 lists codes assigned as part of standardisation.[7]

In 1954, APCO published an article describing a proposed simplification of the code, based on an analysis conducted by the San Diego Police Department.[8] In the September 1955 issue of the APCO Bulletin, a revision of the Ten-Signals was proposed,[9] and it was later adopted.

The Ten Signals were included in APCO Project Two (1967), "Public Safety Standard Operating Procedures Manual", published as study cards in APCO Project 4 (1973), "Ten Signal Cards", and then revised in APCO Project 14 (1974).[10][11][12][13]

Ten-codes, especially "10-4" (meaning "understood") first reached public recognition in the mid- to late-1950s through the popular television series Highway Patrol, with Broderick Crawford.[citation needed] Crawford would reach into his patrol car to use the microphone to answer a call and precede his response with "10-4".

Ten-codes were adapted for use by CB radio enthusiasts. C. W. McCall's hit song "Convoy" (1975), depicting conversation among CB-communicating truckers, put phrases like "10-4" and "what's your twenty?" (10-20 for "where are you?") into common use in American English.[citation needed]

The ten-codes used by the New York Police Department[14] have returned to public attention thanks to the popularity of the television series Blue Bloods. However, the ten-codes used by the NYPD are not the same as those used in the APCO system. For example, in the NYPD system, Code 10-13 means "Officer needs help," whereas in the APCO system "Officer needs help" is Code 10-33.

While ten-codes were intended to be a terse, concise, and standardized system, the proliferation of different meanings can render them useless in situations when officers from different agencies and jurisdictions need to communicate.

In the fall of 2005, responding to inter-organizational communication problems during the rescue operations after Hurricane Katrina, the United States Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) discouraged the use of ten-codes and other codes due to their wide variation in meaning.[28][29] The Department of Homeland Security's SAFECOM program, established in response to communication problems experienced during the September 11 attacks also advises local agencies on how and why to transition to plain language,[30] and their use is expressly forbidden in the nationally standardized Incident Command System, as is the use of other codes.[31]

APCO International stated in 2012 that plain speech communications over public safety radio systems is preferred over the traditional 10-Codes and dispatch signals.[32] Nineteen states had changed to plain English by the end of 2009.[33] As of 2011[update], ten-codes remained in common use in many areas, but were increasingly being phased out in favor of plain language.[2]

In 1971, the Public Safety Department of Lakewood, Colorado, published a study comparing the APCO Ten-code with the proposed Clear Speech procedure. The study used standards for judgment of both communications procedures based on The Public Safety Communications Standard Operating Procedure Manual, 1970 edition, published by APCO. According to the report, the Clear Speech Procedure was to replace ten-codes in all Public Safety Department radio communication since January 28, 1972.[26]

Personnel will NOT proceed with Code 5 details until the receiving unit requests some. The unit receiving a Code 5 will request the details when he is in a safe position to do so, which might not be until his backup arrives.

In 1980, the National Incident Management System published a document, ICS Clear Text Guide, which was another attempt to create a replacement for Ten-codes. The list of code words was republished in the 1990 Montana Mutual Aid and Common Frequencies document.[34]

Trucking has a long and vast history, not only in the United States but worldwide. Everyone knows that truckers have their own version of communication over radio. People across the United States know the very popular 10-4, but like many other common phrases, not many know where it comes from. In honor of it being October 4th, let's take a look at the origin of the universal trucker lingo.

To understand where 10-Codes come from, you need to know some background information. In 1896, Guglielmo Marconi invented the first rendition of the radio. After 20 years of experience working with telegraphy, Marconi was one of the only inventors at the time that experimented with Hertz, which were found in electromagnetic waves. In the early 1900s, Marconi revolutionized communication methods when he successfully transmitted his first wireless telegraphy signal across the Atlantic Ocean. Throughout the 1900s and 1930s, he created various versions of radios with a few being adopted by the BBC and other organizations for wireless broadcasting.

Prior to the 1920s, radio was not commercialized like it is today with it only being used for contacting military ships out at sea. In those years, Morse Code was used for communicating because the signals to transmit messages were often unclear and spotty. In the outbreak of World War I 1914, the importance of radio was recognized because it allowed to relay messages in real-time to officers and soldiers on the front lines. After the war and throughout the 1920s, radio was no longer used exclusively by the military, and citizens started buying radios of their own. Enthusiasts really changed the way radio was perceived by the public, showing its potential as a leader in communicating with wider audiences and in 1920, the first commercial radio broadcast was used to announce the election results. The 1920s were an important decade in the history of radio, with the first radio advertisement being run, major organizations being created like the BBC, CBS and NBC. As with every business that takes off widely, rules and regulations must be in place so the Radio Corporation Agreement (RCA) was sanctioned by the government. Despite radio's success in the 1920s and 30s, the signals being transmitted still needed improvement. Transmissions were still difficult to understand with words being cut off or unintelligible, so in 1937 the Association of Public Safety Commissions (APCO) had an idea to change that.

Radio had expanded its reach to many, but the main user for the majority of its early years were police stations and officers. In the late 1930s, Charles Hopper, the Communications Director for the Illinois State Police started creating a type of brevity code to shorten speech when radio channels were in short supply for police officers. Radios needed time to charge up completely to send a message, so the one syllable word 'ten' made it easier for the transmitter to capture and send a short message. It took a few years to catch on, but by 1940, a list of 10-Codes had been created and finally in 1955, standardized for wide use among police officers.

Police officers soon weren't the only group of workers who began using radios and the 10-Code. Truckers began utilizing CB radios for communicating with each other and getting updates on traffic reports in the area. They encountered the same issues with choppy transmissions, so truckers adopted the 10 code which has changed slightly from the police code. 10-Codes didn't really reach public popularity until it was adopted by Hollywood. The mid 1950s saw the creation of a new television show, Highway Patrol with Broderick Crawford. The show captivated audiences with its emulation of police officers who fight crime with patrol cars, fast motorcycles and two-way radios. Citizens Band (CB) radios started flying off the shelves and the number of radio enthusiasts grew and they quickly picked up the 10-Code system.

Although the 10 codes were around, their popularity dipped slightly in the 1960s until another famous personality stepped in. The 1970s had a wave of blue-collar pride, and singer C. W. McCall came out with the song Convoy in 1975 which demonstrated a trucker transmission and again the 10-Code was brought back into pop culture. Later in 1978, the movie Convoy was released and the 10-Code was forever engrained in the public's mind.

(5) A payment under a stock bonus, pension, profit sharing, annuity, or similar plan or contract on account of illness, disability, death, age, or length of service, to the extent reasonably necessary for the support of the debtor and any dependent of the debtor, and funds on deposit in an individual retirement account, including a simplified employee pension regardless of the amount of funds, unless:

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