Thecharacters were first drawn by Bill Justice[6] and introduced in the 1943 Pluto short Private Pluto, directed by Clyde Geronimi. In the short, they fight with Pluto about whether they can store their nuts in a military base cannon. Three years later, director Jack Hannah decided to use them as co-stars in Donald Duck shorts. Hannah said:
Of the two, Chip is portrayed as being safe, focused, and having a mind for logical scheming. Dale, by contrast, is more laid-back, dim-witted, and impulsive, and has a very strong sense of humor. Originally the two had a very similar appearance, but as a way to tell them apart, some differences were introduced: Chip has a small black nose and two centered protruding teeth, whereas Dale has a large dark red nose and a prominent gap between his buckteeth. Chip is also depicted as having smooth hair on top of his head while Dale's tends to be ruffled.
In 1989, Chip and Dale became the title characters in a new animated television series, Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers, in which they formed a detective agency with new characters created for the show: female mouse inventor Gadget Hackwrench, muscular adventuring Australian mouse Monterey Jack and Zipper the fly. While in the original shorts, the duo is frequent troublemakers who are concerned only with themselves, in Rescue Rangers, they are crime fighters who help the less fortunate.[9]
In this series, the personality differences between the two are more pronounced, with Chip as the serious, heroic leader and Dale as the quick-witted, hard partying reluctant hero. Additionally, they wear clothes in this series which reflect their personalities; Chip wears a leather jacket and fedora (much like Indiana Jones), while Dale wears a Hawaiian shirt (much like Magnum, P.I.).
Chip 'n' Dale, based on their Rescue Rangers iterations, made an appearance in the 2017 TV series DuckTales.[10] Making their debut in the season 3 episode, "Double-O-Duck in You Only Crash Twice!", Chip 'n' Dale are depicted as ordinary chipmunks used as lab rats for an intelligence ray developed by the organization F.O.W.L. After becoming much smarter and anthropomorphic, they teamed up with two mice and a fly to escape their confines as well as help Launchpad McQuack defeat one of F.O.W.L.'s agents.[11] They also make a cameo appearance alongside the other Rangers in the series finale, "The Last Adventure!".[12]
The characters have a French-American animated series called Chip 'n' Dale: Park Life, which was released on Disney+ on July 28, 2021,[13][14] which was co-produced by The Walt Disney Company France and Xilam Animation. Unlike other iterations of the characters, the series is non-verbal, similarly to other shows produced by Xilam.[15] The series portrays Chip 'n' Dale's adventures living in a park where they often interact with Clarice, Donald Duck, Pluto, and other mostly Duckburg-centric Disney characters. The chipmunks are portrayed in only semi-humanized form, much as in late-1940s cartoon shorts.
A hybrid live-action/animated film, Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers, was released on May 16, 2022, with animation of the characters provided by Moving Picture Company and their voices by John Mulaney and Andy Samberg. The movie was released as a Disney+ original.
Chip 'n' Dale were planned to appear as a cameo in the 1988 film Who Framed Roger Rabbit. They were supposed to be in the scene called "Acme's Funeral". However, the scene was cut from the final film. Storyboard artwork for this sequence survives, where they can be seen alongside characters such as Goofy, Horace Horsecollar, Clarabelle Cow, Tom Cat, Jerry Mouse, Herman and Katnip, Popeye, Bluto, Felix the Cat, Porky Pig, Petunia Pig, Sylvester the Cat, Yosemite Sam, Foghorn Leghorn, Casper the Friendly Ghost and Droopy.[16]
They can also be spotted in the 1983 featurette Mickey's Christmas Carol where they are seen dancing to the music inside Fezziwigs. They also appear at all the Disney Parks as well. Chip 'n' Dale occasionally appeared in the television series Mickey Mouse Works and House of Mouse.
The classic voices of Chip 'n' Dale were mostly provided by Jimmy MacDonald, Dessie (Flynn) Miller and Helen Silbert. The earliest voices were provided by female office staff, without credit. In Private Pluto, the chipmunks' speech was created by speeding up sound clips of normal speech. In a number of the shorts that followed, many of these same sound clips were used again, though later shorts used dialogue specifically recorded for that short.
At one point in Winter Storage, Chip and Dale get into an argument while being caught in a trap. When the scene switches to an outside view of the box (with Donald Duck sitting on the box), the dialogue being heard is actually a sped-up segment of the voice-over narration (done by John Brown) from the Goofy short A Knight for a Day.
Since 1988, Chip and Dale have been voiced by Tress MacNeille and Corey Burton respectively, although MacNeille has provided the voice for both in Mickey Mouse Works and House of Mouse. John Mulaney and Andy Samberg voiced the two in the Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers live-action film.[18] In the film, the high-pitched voices of the television series were explained as an act by the otherwise normally speaking chipmunks.
Unlike most of the Mickey Mouse characters, Chip and Dale act very much like average chipmunks; they live in normal trees (typically in a backyard or forest) and spend most of their time gathering and storing food (particularly acorns). Their affinity for food often drives them to steal it from others, which is a regular point of contention between the chipmunks and their arch-nemesis, Donald Duck.
Chip (or Chipper, as referred to by Dale) is the brains of the duo and thus is shown to be clever, fearless, and somewhat bossy. Unlike his best friend, he is a quick thinker. When dealing with Donald, Chip shows to be much more of a threat than Dale, both mentally and physically. He is also no-nonsense and becomes easily frustrated with Dale's incompetence. In Rescue Rangers, Chip wears a fedora and sheepskin bomber jacket. Chip constantly thinks about being on duty to the point where he is thought to not know how to be fun; because of such, Dale's blundering causes him nothing but headaches.
Dale is more lazy, laid back, and accident-prone. His bumbling is often the cause of misfortune for Chip, which usually leads to Dale being punished. Dale is more likely to became endangered, forcing Chip to come to his rescue. In Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers, Dale wears a Hawaiian shirt, possibly to show how relaxed his personality is; he gets along easier with Monterey Jack and Zipper than Chip.
In Private Pluto, the chipmunks' speech was created by speeding up sound clips of normal speech. In a number of the shorts that followed, many of these same sound clips were re-used again and again, though later shorts used new dialogue specifically recorded for them.
At one point in Winter Storage, Chip and Dale get into an argument while caught in a trap. When the scene switches to an outside view of the box (with Donald Duck sitting on the box), the dialogue being heard is actually a sped-up segment of the voice-over narration from the Goofy short A Knight for a Day.
Since 1988, Chip has been voiced by Tress MacNeille and Dale has been voiced by Corey Burton where he is shown to have a deeper voice than his previous years in the classic shorts. However, in Mickey Mouse Works, House of Mouse, the first season of Mickey Mouse Clubhouse and the Have a Laugh! re-dubs of the classic shorts, Tress MacNeille voiced both chipmunks.
Jeff Bennett provided squeaks for both in the DuckTales episode "Double-O-Duck in You Only Crash Twice!", while Corey Burton and April Winchell would take over this role for the series finale, "The Last Adventure!".
For the live-action Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers film on Disney+, John Mulaney voices Chip and Andy Samberg voices Dale who both speak with their natural voices.[3] However, whenever they get angry, or are portraying their television counterparts, MacNeille and Burton reprise their roles as the duo. This is despite the fact that the movie is set in the universe of Who Framed Roger Rabbit, which featured cameos from various other cartoon characters known for having sped-up voices (such as Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, and Woody Woodpecker) still having such voices when speaking "off-camera".
In the 1980s, there was an initiative to revive classic Disney characters with new animated projects. Among them were the 1983 featurette Mickey's Christmas Carol, in which Chip and Dale are briefly seen dancing at Fezziwig's Christmas party in Scrooge's past. The chipmunks were intended to cameo in Robert Zemeckis's 1988 live-action/animated film Who Framed Roger Rabbit as attendees of Marvin Acme's funeral, but the scene was dropped.
This initiative to revive classic characters would also spawn the Disney Afternoon television block, which found immense success with the premiere of DuckTales in 1987. Following in tow was an action-adventure/detective story following Disney's iconic chipmunks titled Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers. The show was initially pitched by Tad Stones to star an Indiana Jones-inspired mouse character, though then-CEO of the Disney company, Michael Eisner, suggested the use of Chip and Dale so the show had established Disney characters to work with. The show premiered on August 27, 1988, and has since become one of the most recognizable and beloved properties of Disney's television history. The show also marked the debut of Tress MacNeille and Corey Burton as the official voices of Chip and Dale, respectively. While MacNeille and Burton would go on to voice the chipmunks for the following decades, MacNeille will occasionally voice both.
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