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One of the preliminary problems that confronts the textual investigator of the Canterbury Tales is to determine which if any of the early prints can claim to rank with the manuscripts as independent authorities. It seems to be generally agreed that no account need be taken of any edition later than that which Thynne included in his collection of the Chaucer's works printed by Godfray in 1532, but of the six prints of the Tales of which that was the latest no complete investigation seems yet to have been attempted. My object in this paper is to make a beginning by subjecting to critical analysis the first 116 lines of the Knight's Tale as they stand in these six editions.
The lost morality, the Paternoster Play, has been a subject for speculation among many writers upon early English drama. Although no finding can lay claim to the last word upon the question, each additional bit of evidence helps toward a more accurate definition of the play. It is the purpose of this paper to call attention to the possible relation of this play to sermons upon the Oratio Domini among the treatises of Hugo of Saint Victor. Before embarking upon this discussion, it seems desirable to summarize briefly the facts and theories concerning the play now current. The material is of two sorts: information in regard to the morality to be derived from documents contemporaneous with it, and speculations as to its origin and nature which have been put forward by various scholars.
The Endymion myth, which grew up in the popular traditions of Elis in the Peloponnesus and of the Ionian cities in Caria, received literary treatment in a lyric poem of Sappho which is now lost. It does not exist in full development in extant classical literatures, although allusions to it are found in Theocritus, Apollonius Rhodius, Apollodorus, Pausanias, Lucian, Ovid, and Cicero. After the Renaissance when the study of classical literature was revived, it became a favorite subject for poetical allusion in the literatures of modern Europe. But the only poet before Keats who treated the myth at length was Michael Drayton; and, therefore, if Keats owed any suggestions for the plot of Endymion to his predecessors, he would most likely have derived them from Drayton.
Among the articles in Fraser's Magazine during its early years are a number which contain parallelisms to the acknowledged work of Carlyle. Many of these treat more or less fully Carlyle's favorite theme of the Vates, the Poet, the Man. Most of them show strong German influence, with a regard both for transcendental philosophy and aesthetic criticism.
In one form or another, the issue of the Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes is forever recurring in French literature. Whether the various forms of literature, and in particular poetry and the drama, shall follow the models offered by classical antiquity or shall resolutely draw their inspiration from contemporary civilization, is a question that has more than once caused passionate argument and unloosed floods of eloquence. The problem rose again toward the middle of the last century. It has been customary to say that there was at that time a reaction against the romanticists (i. e. the moderns) resulting in the establishment of the Parnassian school whose spirit was largely classical. That, however, is not the whole truth. At the time when Leconte de Lisle, Mnard, and others were struggling for recognition as poets, there existed also a group which, far from condemning the romanticists as too modern, considered them not sufficiently modern, and called for a reform in French poetry through a utilization of modern industry as a source of inspiration. The contrast between this group and the Parnassians is even more striking than that between either of them and the romanticists. The chief object of this article is to show how the suggestion of a rapprochement between poetry and modern industry came to be made, and to relate the controversy which followed. The latter centered in a book little known today: Les Chants Modernes by Maxime Du Camp. The secondary object of this paper is, therefore, to place Les Chants Modernes in their true historical light.
Nearly everyone knows that behind Browning's Childe Roland lies a vast contributory reservoir of chivalric romance. The hero of the poem is obviously engaged in a quest, drawn out through a number of years and attended by continual disappointments, a quest which he shares with a band of other adventurers who have been lost in their attempts to achieve. Roland's coming to the Tower, under these circumstances, while it may not be duplicated in any one romance, is patently a chivalric enterprise of a familiar type. Our recognition of this fact makes the poem much less the mystery that early commentators found it. And yet many puzzling details still remain to be explained.
The existence of dipodic structure in English verse has been recognised by metrists only within a comparatively recent period of time. There have undoubtedly been two principal reasons for this failure of theory to take into account a very old and very deep-seated characteristic of English verse. Dipodic structure was, on the one hand, until the last forty years confined almost entirely to popular verse, while its sporadic occurrences in literary poetry were usually of such half-hearted nature as easily to escape the attention of the formal metrist. On the other hand, the study of dipodic verse has been handicapped by the lack of an objective method which could translate unsupported subjective feeling into scientific metrical proof. An attempt toward the establishment of such a method for the simplest form of dipodic verse is the object of this study.
Classical Studies is concerned primarily with the cultures of Greece and Rome and their contributions to Western civilization. It is unique among modern academic disciplines in the breadth of its approach to its subject. Classics is a field in which the specialist must be simultaneously linguist, literary critic, anthropologist, sociologist, and historian, not only of politics, but also of religion and art.
The cultures of Greece and Rome are fascinating and important in themselves, but seen in the context of their legacy the very special value that we attach to them comes to light. For many elements of our own culture - its language and literature, its social and political patterns, and its ideals - are deeply rooted in the experience and achievement of Greece and Rome.
The Department of Classics at Mount Allison offers the opportunity to study these ancient cultures through courses in history, mythology, art, archaeology, language, and literature. The history and literature of Greece and Rome can be approached either in the original languages or through courses using English translation. The study of ancient literature in translation makes it possible to gain an acquaintance with the thought and literary art of antiquity without studying Greek and Latin. But those deeply interested in the subject should bear in mind the importance of the languages themselves; the direct experience of the ancients through study of Greek and Latin, in order to be fruitful, should begin as early as possible in the university career.
The Humanities 1600 series is intended to provide an introduction to Humanities disciplines. These three-credit courses offered by the participating disciplines of Classics, History, Philosophy and Religious Studies are designed to acquaint beginning students with the methodologies typical of these disciplines and to familiarize them with the approaches taken, as well as the sorts of themes pursued and questions raised in those disciplines.
From now on (Chapter 12 and onward), the titles will no longer be named after famous quotes, as I wish to create my own chapter names in order to fully recognize the content of each chapter. I only started doing the previous chapter titles because I was expecting a bit more of a serious tone from this book, and there will still be plenty of serious content, but the current and ongoing tone is much lighter than I had anticipated, a welcome change from my expectations, but one I must account for. The previous titles will also be changed in the official release of my book for sure.
Jacob finished taking down the sail and summoned a few more tentacles to assist him in moving the large canvas below deck. By the time he had resurfaced, Georgiana had taken the shade reins back and was manually controlling the actions of some of the shades. Crimson held her by the shoulders and directed her commands. The ship was rocking terribly, but no worse than the Forsaken ever had under such mighty winds and waves.
With nothing left to do, Jacob sidled up to Georgiana and Crimson and put a hand on each of their shoulders, a daunting task for the shortest crew member. He then wrapped a tentacle around each of their arms and then used the suction cups on a third, larger tentacle to stick them all to the boat, keeping them in place as Georgiana commanded her shades.
Eventually the storm began to die down, letting out a long, continuous sighing noise as they exited its reach. That sound is what gave those storms their name. Jacob released Georgiana and Crimson and detached himself from the deck. Georgiana told the shades to continue their course to Wisdom Cove and released their reins, letting both her and Crimson off the hook.
The boat rocked again, and Georgiana just barely stayed aboard thanks to the help of her shades. Jacob quickly ran to the side and glanced over to get a better look. He kept missing the head, but from down here he could see multicolored scales glistening like a rainbow only a few yards below the surface. He cursed.
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