Studies show that people with opioid use disorder who follow detoxification with complete abstinence are very likely to relapse, or return to using the drug.10 While relapse is a normal step on the path to recovery, it can also be life threatening, raising the risk for a fatal overdose.11 Thus, an important way to support recovery from heroin or prescription opioid use disorder is to maintain abstinence from those drugs. Someone in recovery can also use medications that reduce the negative effects of withdrawal and cravings without producing the euphoria that the original drug of abuse caused. For example, the FDA recently approved lofexidine, a non-opioid medicine designed to reduce opioid withdrawal symptoms. Methadone and buprenorphine are other medications approved for this purpose.
Methadone is a synthetic opioid agonist that eliminates withdrawal symptoms and relieves drug cravings by acting on opioid receptors in the brain, the same receptors that other opioids activate. Although it occupies and activates these opioid receptors, it does so more slowly than other opioids and, in an opioid-dependent person, treatment doses do not produce euphoria. It has been used successfully for more than 40 years to treat opioid use disorder and must be dispensed through specialized opioid treatment programs.12
Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist, meaning that it binds to those same opioid receptors but activates them less strongly than full agonists do. Like methadone, it can reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms in a person with an opioid use disorder without producing euphoria, and patients tend to tolerate it well. Research has found buprenorphine to be similarly effective as methadone for treating opioid use disorders, as long as it is given at a sufficient dose and for sufficient duration.13 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved buprenorphine in 2002, making it the first medication eligible to be prescribed by certified physicians through the Drug Addiction Treatment Act. This approval eliminates the need to visit specialized treatment clinics, thereby expanding access to treatment for many who need it. Additionally, the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (CARA), which was signed into law in July 2016, temporarily expands eligibility to prescribe buprenorphine-based drugs for medication-assisted treatment (MAT) to qualifying nurse practitioners and physician assistants through October 1, 2021. Buprenorphine has been available for opioid use disorders since 2002 as a tablet and since 2010 as a sublingual film.14 The FDA approved a 6-month subdermal buprenorphine implant in May 2016 and a once-monthly buprenorphine injection in November 2017. These formulations are available to patients stabilized on buprenorphine and will eliminate the treatment barrier of daily dosing for these patients. (Also see "What are misconceptions about maintenance treatment?")
Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist, which means that it works by blocking the activation of opioid receptors. Instead of controlling withdrawal and cravings, it treats opioid use disorder by preventing any opioid drug from producing rewarding effects such as euphoria. Its use for ongoing opioid use disorder treatment has been somewhat limited because of poor adherence and tolerability by patients. However, in 2010, an injectable, long-acting form of naltrexone (Vivitrol), originally approved for treating alcohol use disorder, was FDA-approved for treating opioid use disorder. Because its effects last for weeks, Vivitrol is a good option for patients who do not have ready access to health care or who struggle with taking their medications regularly.
NIDA. "How do medications to treat opioid use disorder work?." National Institute on Drug Abuse, 8 May. 2024, -reports/medications-to-treat-opioid-addiction/how-do-medications-to-treat-opioid-addiction-work
NIDA. How do medications to treat opioid use disorder work?. National Institute on Drug Abuse website. -reports/medications-to-treat-opioid-addiction/how-do-medications-to-treat-opioid-addiction-work. May 8, 2024
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A simple procedure to eliminate the interference from keto-opiates in the analysis of 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is described. The pretreatment of urine samples with sodium bisulfite followed by solid-phase extraction results in the elimination of the bisulfite addition products formed from the reaction of the bisulfite ions with the carbonyl carbon of the keto-opiates. This simple procedure results in the accurate quantitation of 6-MAM at a concentration of 4 ng/mL in the presence of keto-opiates up to 10,000 ng/mL.
Marvin Stuart Antelman was born January 10, 1933, in Camden, New Jersey, to husband and wife Harry and Anna Antelman (both born in Romania), who were proprietor and finisher, respectively, of retail furs.[4]In 1990 he resided in Providence, RI and in 2000, the Boston suburb of Weymouth.
Antelman authored two encyclopedias: The analytical encyclopedia of thermoplastic materials (1974)[5]and The encyclopedia of chemical electrode potentials (New York, 1982; as of July 2020 this latter book had 359 records in Worldcat[6]and 181 academic citations[7]).
Antelman's U.S. patents number approximately fifteen. Many of them involve mixed-valence complex metal oxides and their application to skin conditions or cancers, and/or as antimicrobials or water treatments.[8]
In 1996 Antelman filed U.S. Patent 5,676,977, "Method of curing AIDS with tetrasilver tetroxide molecular crystal devices." The patent claims the ability to cure AIDS with a single injection of tetrasilver tetroxide (trademarked Tetrasil by Marantech Holding Company, LLC).[9] In 2001 he filed an improvement on to patent 5,676,977 that minimized side effects such as hepatotoxicity by slowing the rate of injection.[10] The tetrasilver tetroxide patents claim that some clinical trials were performed in Honduras.Responses to Patent 5,676,977 have ranged from the neutral, namely those who note that a patent doesn't mean the device works or is effective, but rather only reserves the intellectual and property right of the inventor of something with some degree of plausibility - to those who decry it as utter quackery, to those who claim it cures AIDS or eliminates HIV and is being censored and suppressed by Big Pharma and governments. Nevertheless, it has received a considerable attention and discussion in social media due to memes and videos with captions like "AIDS CURE FOUND! U.S. Patent # 5676977."[11][12][13][14][15][16]
In 1976 in a New York Hilton hotel hall Antelman as Chief Justice of his Supreme Rabbinic Court of America (SRCA) presided with four other rabbinic judges and performed a solemn excommunication of Henry Kissinger from Judaism, on account of anti-Jewish and anti-American actions that the Council alleged. The audience reaction is reported to have been very intense and that for many of the audience members it was the first time they had witnessed an actual excommunication. The story was later picked up by and reported in other American and international weeklies including the National Enquirer and Paris Match[20][1] In November 1982 Antelman's Beit Din excommunicated hundreds more Jews on account of co-signing a pro-PLO and pro-homosexual rights advertisement placed in the June 20 New York Times or for belonging to a certain group aligned with the ad. Antelman's court deemed this to be a promotion of Marxist views on Israel and sex and thus a collaboration with the enemies of Judaism and a treasonous act. The Washington Post article about the excommunication event describes "the mainstream Jewish community" as not regarding the ceremony seriously.[21]
Regarding the Sabbatean controversy involving Jacob Emden and Yonatan Eybeschtz, Antelman maintained a very decisive position upholding the 20 Sivan 1756 Council of Four Lands cherem (excommunication) against Eybeschtz and its ban of all his writings, and he published a book about it c. 1990 in Tel Aviv.[22] He decries an "insidious ... cover-up of the excommunication of Rabbi Jonathan Eybeschutz (1690-1764)" for "seduction to Sabbatian Frankist idolatry" and of the council's banning of Eybeschtz's books (Vol. 2 p. 7). Antelman's SRCA again cites this excommunication in its own declaration and excommunications.
Antelman is also known for promoting a novel ruling allowing a beit din to serve a Jewish divorce to a wife where the divorce is beneficial and the man is unwilling, on the basis that the court may perform a transaction on behalf of a man if it is to his benefit, and a book by him was published about this in 1994 in Tel Aviv.[23]
In 1974 Antelman published Volume One of a book titled To Eliminate the Opiate.[24]It has been called "the first well-presented history of the conspiratorial efforts to subvert and undermine Judaism."[25]Taking its name from Marx's Opium of the people statement about religion, the book claims to trace the roots and offshoots of Sabbatean, Frankist, and Illuminati groups and their interrelationships in regard to the origin of Marxist, Communist, and geopolitical and financial forces that have been aimed at destroying religion, particularly Judaism and Christianity.The book claims that these groups are loosely aligned but that they conspire to eliminate traditional Judaism and Christianity and install a secular, Marxist tyranny a la Plato's Republic.
Antelman says what prompted him to write the book was a period of violent acts against religious Jews that resulted in the destruction of Boston's Jewish community between 1968 and 1971. He claimed that when he confronted and investigated these acts and their perpetrators he discovered them to be linked to and funded by Communist and other conspiratorial Marxist groups.Volume 1 might not have received much attention or impact until the publication of Volume 2.The latter was not published until 2002 due to, by Antelman's accounts therein (Introduction), fierce accusations of libel and so forth from the accusing individuals (notably, primarily, and initially Elma Lewis (1921-2004)) that beset him resulting from the publication of Volume 1, and regarding these attacks he gave acknowledgement to God for giving him the strength and knowledge to fight them off in the secular courts. In this introduction he also states he was encouraged by the advice of a friend who told him God had allowed these attacks and challenges to be sent to him so that he should overcome them, and that with his Torah erudition he would surely be able to learn the legal codes and represent himself to defend against these attacks which would have otherwise caused him bankruptcy and ruin had he needed to hire lawyers in his defense.[26][27]The cover of the book was designed by Antelman's wife Sylvia.[28] To Eliminate the Opiate reports many rare, obscure, or conspiracy theory type elements of Sabbatean and Frankist exploits.Billy Jack Dial, a prominent Noahide leader,[29] featured this book prominently on the front page of his website in 2006 and wrote, "These books are available at Shop.BnaiNoach.com [now defunct], and happen to be one of the most powerful resource of truth of all times. Here Rabbi Marvin S. Antelman confronts the evil empire with the revelation of truth, and defies all the conspiracy theories and transforms those theories into reality. These books will leave the reader shocked and awed as the cloak of secrecy is stripped off of the organizations and individuals who actively sought to bring harm to the Torah of G-d, and its followers."[30]
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