Born of the Old West but found in many other genres since, the bounty hunter is a freelancer who assists law enforcement by pursuing wanted criminals for the price on their heads. His line of work often makes him a dangerous character, as he needs eyes in the back of his head. It also makes him gruff and cynical, if he lives long enough, and in the eyes of some citizens, he may be only slightly better (or worse) than the criminals he hunts.
Sometimes, the bounty hunter captures criminals and brings them back to face trial (which is how real bounty hunters operate nowadays). But other times, especially in Westerns, the bounty hunter's reward is of the "Dead or Alive" variety, and many bounty hunters of the latter type kill their bounties rather than let them Run for the Border or risk ending in a Mexican Standoff and a bloody Blast Out. These kinds of bounty hunters are often called "bounty killers" or, more pejoratively, "assassins" or "headhunters".
This has almost never been Truth in Television, though that problem can be Hand Waved if the bounty in question is exceptionally dangerous, put out by a criminal, or wanted by a corrupt, tyrannical, or failed state. Or if this occurs in a fictional setting, such as a dystopian post-apocalyptic wasteland or a futuristic totalitarian state.
The bounty hunter is one of the most diverse roles and depending on their choices (and their employers) they can be have many types of character and appearance. Sometimes the Bounty Hunter is a villain, a sadist who profits off the death and suffering of others and who couldn't care less about justice. In that case, the best they can possibly be is a Nominal Hero who may hunt villains and do the right thing for all the wrong reasons. If that's the case then it is almost guaranteed that they will come in conflict with the heroes either because their head promises the biggest paycheck or because they want to be the one to capture the criminal and won't hesitate to kill and become a criminal over it themself.
The Bounty Hunter is increasingly popular in Speculative Fiction ever since Boba Fett made it cool. It helps that space is thought of as another "frontier," and Western tropes go well with science fiction. Since it's so cool, most often bounty hunters in fiction are depicted as extremely skilled individuals and will prove a challenge for the main characters unless they are either there just to show us how overpowered our hero is or if the bounty hunters are themselves the main character(s). Science fiction bounty hunters may be members of a Proud Hunter Race, using their skills at stalking exotic prey to establish a (mostly) aboveboard career of Hunting the Most Dangerous Game.
While the typical situation is for law enforcement to hire a bounty hunter, The Syndicate or the Big Bad may also hire one if a henchman absconds with a priceless MacGuffin or steals the proceeds of a heist.
In Real Life, when in the company of actual bounty hunters, you will speak of them as "bail enforcement officers". Except for that one robot who prefers the term "freelance peace-keeping agent, yes?" There's overlap in Real Life with the job of skip tracer, a person who tracks down people on the lam from creditors.
Fan Works
- Adventures of the Morning Star: The series follows Jinx, Yasuo and Malphite, a trio of bounty hunters who go on crazy adventures while traveling across the stars.
- In the Supernatural and The Dresden Files crossover fic Cross Cases, Harry doesn't buy Sam's claim of being a librarian for even a second. He decides Sam is most likely a merc who does dirty jobs for the highest bidder, from the way he moves, his weapons, the fact that he's built like a brick wall, and his careful, practiced lack of reaction to anything, supernatural and not. After he and Murphy go through his wallet while he's unconscious, they find his multitude of credit cards and fake IDs, only cementing the assessment in their minds. This isn't really too far off from Sam's (sort-of) actual profession as a hunter, minus the getting hired and paid part.
- Dungeon Keeper Ami: The Silver Hawks, who were introduced when they started hunting Ami.
- Though they have decided to stop hunting Ami and Co until a legal ruling can be made on whether or not it is acceptable to take contracts on an Empress, Keeper or not, who holds her throne by a literal divine mandate.
- And are now back in action hunting Mukrezar, who has managed to acquire a two ''million'' gold piece bounty on his head before he's been Back from the Dead for a single day.
- The Night Unfurls: The beginning of the story reveals that one of Kyril's means of income is clearing out packs of greenskins, bandits and infamous orc warlords with ostentatious names. The remastered version adds a moment where he turns in a bounty at the bounty board, presents the head as proof, and gets his gold.
- Off the Line: Countless of them are constantly chasing after Cloud/Rainstorm for his massive bounty which they need to kill and loot him to get. They are noted to be an opportunistic and unpleasant bunch who often hunt after lower level players instead of the more stronger players. Rainstorm would kill them in order to defend himself or for sport.
Pro Wrestling
- The Crippler Rip Oliver was this in territories outside of Portland Oregon, most memorable when he was hired by Jim Cornette to break the hand of Mike Von Erich.
- David Shultz became a bounty hunter after his wrestling career ended in the mid-80's.
- Former ECW wrestler New Jack claimed to have been a bounty hunter in Real Life and that he committed four justifiable homicides. However there is no outside evidence that proves either one of these claims to be true.
- Goldenrod was described as being similar to a bounty hunter in Kaiju Big Battel. She was on a mission to stop all city destroying kaiju, which made her an ally to the heroes.
- The New Bounty Hunters, Ricky Murdock & Big Nasty Bill, the NWA Mid-South tag team champions who vacated the belts after doing their job and beating the Black Birds
Tabletop Games
- The BattleTech universe has numerous Bounty Hunters; the most infamous is known simply as The Bounty Hunter, an enigmatic figure who never shows his face and rarely speaks. He's famous for his relentless nature, for never once letting a bounty escape, his unfailing loyalty to his employer, the custom, form-concealing armor that he always wears, and always piloting Battlemech with a brilliant emerald-green paint job that's covered in symbols of money, with notable mechs including a Warhammer, Marauder, Mad Cat, Marauder II, and Loki II. In truth, the Bounty Hunter is a legacy of individuals who have been passing the title (and Mechs) for over a century, leading to the character frequently being described as a cross between the Dread Pirate Roberts and Boba Fett. During the Word of Blake Jihad, the Bounty Hunter betrayed his employer and seems to have been replaced by an impersonator, but as of the Dark Ages things seem to have returned closer to normal.
- The "Bloodhound" prestige class in Dungeons & Dragons. The "Justicar" was similar.
- In the Eberron setting House Tharashk dominates the market in this field, thanks to their Dragonmarks of Finding.
- In Eclipse Phase they're known as Ego Hunters, and their job is a bit more difficult since many people change bodies like wardrobes.
- Games Workshop games:
- In Warhammer many Witch Hunters, despite the name, are actually just petty thugs who only signed for the chance to exercise church-sanctioned bullying or bounty hunting.
- Necromunda:
- The game's underhive is the most common destination for outlaws and mutants, making it a rich hunting ground for those wishing to make some credits bringing these degenerates to justice. Due to their skill and fighting powers Bounty Hunters have been a popular Hired Gun in every edition of the game, with the game's 3rd Edition in particular including detailed rules for various types of Bounty Hunter as well as a number of named character Bounty Hunters.
- The May 2018 issue of White Dwarf included exclusive rules for using Venator Bands for 3rd Edition Necromunda. Venator Bands are elite gangs of Bounty Hunters who band together for protection, to track down the most lucrative bounties or for more esoteric and near-religious reasons. The rules for these gangs also include rules for including Bounty Hunters from specific Houses.
- Bounty Hunter appear as jobs and characters in many Games Workshop RPG-style Gaiden Games such as Warhammer Fantasy Roleplaynote Where it's actually one of the jobs that can lead to becoming a Witch Hunter (which is an advanced career) and Dark Heresy.
- Rifts had a few variations on this; the core rulebook featured the "Tracer" class which was generically Bounty Hunter-themed (and featured a picture of a guy in vaguely Fett-like armor), but the "New West" Source Book actually contained a Bounty Hunter class patterned after the classic Western archetype.
- The initial book for Fantasy Flight's 2014 Starwars RPG has Bounty Hunter as one of the playable classes with three specializations. Gadgeteers in the vein of Boba Fett, who modify their weapons and armor to give them an advantage. Assassins adept at stealth and dealing ranged damage, and Survivalists skilled at tracking and surviving in the wild. With the Martial Artist, Operator, and Skip Tracer specializations being added in the "No Disintegrations" Source Book. As well as rules for running bounty hunting focused missions.
- Mongoose Games' Strontium Dog RPG, based on the Strontium Dog entry under Comic Books above.
Video Games
- In BlazBlue, the Teach Me Miss Lichi segments explain that "Vigilantes" are (despite the name) this. Criminals the NOL want to capture are given bounties which anyone can turn in (although it's noted that their bounties don't always tally with the threat the individual presents and they may or may not be of the "dead or alive" variety) and the NOL allows citizens to collect them (they even offer a service where they dispatch an agent to collect the bounty and freely teach otherwise restricted ar magus which can be used to bind criminals and drag them to the nearest NOL outpost).
- The Vault Hunters in Borderlands are either bounty hunters or do bounty hunting on the side when they aren't hunting for the Eridian Vaults or working for the Crimson Raiders. Multiple side quests will have the general gist of going somewhere, killing someone or something then getting paid (give or take some gimmicks).
- An upgrade in Command & Conquer: Generals allows the GLA to make money whenever they kill an enemy.
- Z'xorv from Cosmic Star Heroine is a green-skinned Humanoid Alien who attacks the protagonist Alyssa for a bounty put on her head, gets defeated by her and joins her few minutes later seeking a bounty put on a Humongous Mecha she too is seeking to stop. He later joins her as a permanent party member, again due to their overlapping goals. With him in your party you can recruit another bounty hunter who is not a part of a shore party but does provide status buffs when chosen for support.
- In Cyberpunk 2077, V can engage in bounty hunting in some gigs that call for a specific target to be killed. There are also Cyberpsychos to contend with, though in their cases, V is instructed to try and take them alive so their Cyberpsychosis can be better studied, with dead targets resulting in a lower reward.
- Darkest Dungeon features the Bounty Hunter class, a unit whose primarily uses are marking enemies for armor piercing attacks and for pulling units from the back to the front among others. He also specializes in killing human-type enemies, including bandits, cultists, and other, more monstrous human-like beings.
- The Dark Forces Saga features Kyle Katarn and Jan Ors, who are these at least in the general sense that Star Wars doesn't really distinguish between mercenaries, which the duo are actually labeled as, and bounty hunters; the main difference is that they do jobs for the Rebellion and later New Republic rather than the Empire or unaffiliated criminals like Jabba. Specifically, they're doing a job for someone else for the entirety of the original Dark Forces (the opening level has them stealing the Death Star plans to deliver them to Leia, then the rest of the game is a more involved mission to investigate a Dark Trooper project) and the first two levels of Jedi Knight II: Jedi Outcast (investigating transmissions coming from an Imperial outpost thought to have long since been abandoned, then the source of power crystals Kyle found samples of in that outpost).
- B.B. Hood/Bulleta of Darkstalkers is a bounty hunter specializing in monsters (called a Darkhunter in the fluff). She very much falls under the "villain" category, being a greedy, sadistic, amoral Ax-Crazy Enfant Terrible Psycho for Hire.
- Deathless Hyperion have "Bounty Hunter" as the hardest setting in its Idiosyncratic Difficulty Levels. Said setting contains the highest enemy count, but also plenty of loot.
- Gondar the Bounty Hunter in Defense of the Ancients is a rather ninja-ish hero who specializes in tracking the enemy heroes and assassinating them. Treating his targets as his bounties, his Ultimate lets him net an even bigger amount of gold in case he killed a tracked hero, which he shares with his nearby teammates if able.
- In Divinity: Original Sin II, potential Player Character/party member Ifan ben-Mezd is a contract killer working under the mercenary group known as the Lone Wolves. His storyline revolves around being assigned to kill the Well-Intentioned Extremist leader of The Order Bishop Alexandar, who is found out the hard way to be immortal.
- Dragon Age II features several quests where Hawke acts as a bounty hunter/mercenary for the Viscount, the Templars, the Qunari, or the occasional random bystander.
- Earthworm Jim contains a recurring villain named Psycrow who is an intergalactic bounty hunter that pursues Jim throughout the game in order to retrieve a stolen super suit.
- The Elder Scrolls:
- Hunting down dangerous criminals to collect the bounty on their heads is a common quest for the Fighters Guild, as seen repeatedly in Daggerfall, Morrowind, and Oblivion.
- Skyrim:
- As the Fighters Guild does not operate in Skyrim due to the presence of the Companions, the Companions fill this void instead.
- The Jarls of the various holds in Skyrim will often put out bounties on threats to their citizenry, including bandits, giants, and even Dragons.
- If you commit crimes, even if you aren't caught by the actual City Guards, those you've committed crimes against may send Hired Thugs and even Dark Brotherhood assassins after you.
- Players in Elite are able to destroy pirate ships and to get bounties for this.
- EV Nova has a Bounty Hunters' Guild that the player can join. Their missions mainly involve killing and capturing Space Pirates. They start out working only in Federation territory, but the Guild storyline allows you to expand their operations into the Auroran Empire.
- Abe Presley of Evolve. Played differently than usual as he doesn't really care for bounty hunting, considering it something that you do because you don't have many other options. On the other hand, he does have a healthy respect for the money it can bring.
- F-Zero has Captain Falcon and Samurai Goroh as rival bounty hunters when they aren't racing. The short tie-in comic for the original game is the only time we see them at it, when Goroh tries to horn in on one of Falcon's captures, claiming it was happening on Goroh's turf. Hell, the comic is literally the only time we ever see Falcon use his gun.
- The Fallout series:
- The Regulators in Fallout 3 are bounty killers who target evildoers and turn in their fingers for caps. Players with very good karma can join them, while evil players will be hunted by them. The Talon Company Mercs likewise are hired to hunt down players who do too many good deeds.
- In Fallout: New Vegas, the player can pursue bounties for Fiend leaders for the NCR, who will pay for their heads. The catch is that the player must leave the head intact and recognizable (IE no headshots or any attacks that gibs/disintegrates them) or else the Major in charge of the bounties can't verify them and cannot pay you full price.
- Queen Brahne in Final Fantasy IX hires two bounty hunters, Lani and Amarant (who later joins the party). Interestingly, the bounty is not for the safe return of her daughter, Princess Garnet, but for the royal gemstone she carries. The Princess herself is deemed disposable.
- In Final Fantasy XII, one of the Sidequests involved killing of various "marks" in order to get prizes.
- Freelancer has an entire faction of these, which the Discovery Game Mod expands upon. You can take up bounty hunting side missions as well; they're similar to the assassination ones except you grab the target's escape pod after the battle.
- Granblue Fantasy nods to this with the "Bounty" status effect, which can be stacked on an enemy to increase the chance of getting a chest with good loot from defeating them. The skills available to the player that increase the bounty level on an enemy are even outright called "Bounty Hunter".
- Grand Theft Auto V has an entire questline dedicated to Trevor working as a bounty hunter. Notably, he has to work for a bail bondsman and gets more money for not killing his targets (which is asking a lot from Trevor).
- Guilty Gear's Bridget is a self-proclaimed bounty hunter. However, she's not exactly very competent at it. Her only real successful bounty to date happened to consist of innocent people (in Bridget's defense, the bounties were given to her under false pretenses). Ky Kiske only paid her due to feeling bad for the poor little girl.
- Sol Badguy is a more experienced and competent example, and it's a career that fits nicely with his "hunting down and killing all other Gears" thing.
- The Whole premise of Guilty Gear X was that a large bounty was placed on mysterious command-type Gear Dizzy's head, so most of the characters introduced in that game and its derivatives are also Bounty Hunters, such as Bridget and Jam.
- Hitman 3 dabbles in this slightly in Freelancer mode of the World of Assassination trilogy. This is essentially 47's new role in this mode, in addition to being a hitman for hire. With the ICA destroyed, clients have nowhere to turn to for eliminating dangerous criminals, and clients looking for justice against crime syndicates now resort to placing open contracts or bounties on the dark web for anyone to take up and either kill or apprehend the syndicate leaders. Agent 47, newly unemployed and now a freelance assassin looking for work, has Diana filter through the contracts, and 47 accepts them and pursues the bounties on the heads of the leaders, and with his background as a hitman, he just goes straight to killing the criminals and collecting the money.
- Several story events in King of the Castle involve the King offering financial compensation for the capture, dead or alive, of criminals. For example, if a region is being overrun by bandits, the King can offer a bounty for bandit scalps, or for the head of the bandits' leader. Other countries have similar policies in place, as illustrated when the Republic of Kirth sends bounty hunters to the Kingdom in pursuit of Oreid, a fugitive who offers the Kingdom a (stolen) weapons shipment in exchange for safe harbour; the King can either surrender Oreid to them or bribe them to take back a random prisoner's head.
- Miss Fortune in League of Legends, by lore, is a bounty hunter, specifically she hunts pirates. It's her class/title name.
- Legaia II: Duel Saga features a Hunter's Guild which the player can access about halfway through the game. Though some of the requests are more reminiscent of Fetch Quests, the majority present marks that the party must track down and eradicate.
- In Mace Griffin: Bounty Hunter, the titular character used to a be a Ranger, charged with keeping peace in the Vagner system. Following a debacle where his unit was wiped out, Mace was sentenced to ten years in prison, and upon his release, Mace became a bounty hunter.
- Mass Effect:
- Inverted by Wrex in Mass Effect, who describes himself as a mercenary, but his actual role is much more similar to that of a bounty hunter. The jobs of his that you see or he describes in-game usually involve tracking down and kidnapping or killing one person (Fist, Aleena, the unnamed volus, etc) at the behest of a private employer.
- He's also done bodyguarding and space piracy according to his stories, so he's pretty much an all-around hired gun. However, he found bodyguarding to be boring (but easy money, naturally) and prefers to work in smaller groups or alone, so he's arguably a Bounty Hunter foremost.
- Mass Effect 2 plays it a little straighter while still being flexible in the form of Zaeed Massani. The guy is described as the best bounty hunter in the business. Even when Shepard first meets him, he's cornered a Batarian bounty. (As well as shooting him in the back of the knee when he tries to run.) That said, Zaeed also co-founded the Blue Suns mercenary corporation and has fought in many battles as a soldier for hire. Ultimately, Zaeed burns this trope's candle at both ends. The only difference being if the contract in question says "capture" rather than "kill", "secure", "breach", or other more strategic terms.
- Mega Man:
- Bounty hunters are recurring antagonists in the Mega Man X series, with Dynamo in X5 and X6, Red Alert in X7, and Spider in Mega Man X: Command Mission.
- In Mega Man ZX Advent, the Hunter's Guild are a bunch of bounty hunters officially sanctioned by the coalition government Legion who get paid to both recover Lost Technology and hunt down dangerous Mavericks. One of the protagonists, Ashe, was raised by Hunters at a young age after her home was destroyed by Mavericks, while the other one, Grey, was inadvertently released from his capsule by two Hunters who get killed by security bots and rescued later still from drowning by a Hunter named Billy, who makes him a Hunter so he can get in and out of Hunter's Camp and offers him a chance to come to Legion so he can possibly learn who he is. They're contrasted by the Raiders, who are effectively pirates that pillage ancient ruins for Lost Technology for themselves and deal with other "illegal" items, though even the Hunters aren't above some shady behavior, as one of the enemy Mega Men Siarnaq was a Hunter tasked as an assassin and Left for Dead by his comrades.
- In Mercenaries, the player characters (a trio of mercenaries) are often dispatched to capture or kill selected targets with prices on their head. In fact, in the original game, the players' primary reason for being there was the massive bounty on the Big Bad's head.
- Metroid:
- Samus Aran is usually described as a bounty hunter, although "mercenary" or even "Privateer" would probably be a more accurate job description, as her primary employer appears to be the Galactic Federation and the jobs they assign her usually tend toward infiltrations, search-and-destroy, and other military operations.
- Metroid: To drive the point home, the FDS version places a bag of money next to completed game files.
- Other "bounty hunters" with vastly different motivations appear in the aptly named Metroid Prime: Hunters and Metroid Prime 3: Corruption.
- Samus' missions for the Feds typically take the form of "kill X", where X is the enemy du jour. This makes her description as a bounty hunter slightly more accurate, as a bounty is paid for the things she kills. The only exceptions to the "kill X" missions are Metroid Prime 3, Hunters, and Metroid Fusion. Prime 2 can be an inferred mission: she's told to investigate the disappearance of a GF Space Marine squad, and she's "hired" by the Luminoth to eradicate the Ing. Super Metroid is debatable, since she's doing it all of her own accord (she doesn't have to chase Ridley down and get the baby Metroid back... but that's what she wants to do).
- The same can be said for Metroid Prime. She didn't have to follow that distress beacon, and then chase Ridley to Tallon IV. So really, she is a technical bounty hunter (as evidenced in the opening for Super, when she decides to hunt smaller bounty), but her ties with the Chozo and the Space Pirates keep getting in the way.
- Thanks to the Anachronic Order, there's plenty of room in the timeline for Samus to make a healthy living catching renegades and/or killing dangerous wildlife, both of which count as "bounty hunting".
- There's also Metroid II: Return of Samus / Metroid: Samus Returns for the Game Boy / Nintendo 3DS, where her whole mission is to kill lots and lots of dangerous wildlife, namely the entire Metroid species, along with any creatures that get in the way. This is actually the closest example we have of Samus doing actual bounty hunting we see in the games, it just happens to be against wildlife.
- Incidentally, Retro Studios planned on having Samus fulfill more of a bounty-hunting role in Prime 3, namely by having the player pick out actual bounties to go after. The higher-ups vetoed this, in part because of the Genre Shift it would entail and in part because Samus doesn't really fit the role of bounty hunter to a T. The guys at Retro jokingly referred to her as a "pro-bono hunter" instead.
- Allegedly, the people at Nintendo got the label "bounty hunter" from Star Wars and applied it to Samus thinking it just sounded like she was a cool space adventurer, while not actually knowing what it meant until Retro Studios informed them of its actual meaning during the development of Metroid Prime (asking if Samus could in fact track down criminals for money for once), to their shock.
- Metroid Dread begins with Adam commenting that the bounty she's receiving for the mission to ZDR doesn't seem worth the risk. In this case, her specific mission is to recover 7 missing ultra-advanced robots that have gone dark on the planet intact. It doesn't take long before the mission goes south big time and things get much more complicated than that and she ends up destroying all 7 of the robots anyway, so it's probably safe to say there wasn't much of a monetary reward for her in the end.
- The Stranger of Oddworld: Stranger's Wrath starts out as this, capturing/killing enemies in order to earn Moolah (currency of Oddworld) for a life-saving operation. Later on, after The Stranger is outed as a Steef, a beast hunted to near extinction, the townsfolk automatically turn against him and he spends the game helping the Grubbs (the Native American Fantasy Counterpart Culture) retake their land from Sekto.
- Phantasy Star II gives you two flavors of bounty hunter as party members. Rudolf Steiner hunts Biomonsters as a profession in revenge for the deaths of his wife and child. Anna Zirski is said to hunt people, and Generation 2 explains that she targets other hunters that go rogue.
- Power Strike II (Sega Master System ver.) is set in an Alternate History version of The Great Depression where those laid off from their jobs take to sky piracy to make a living, while bounty hunters like the protagonist capture pirates to reap the reward money.
- In Popful Mail, Mail often goes after big-time criminals (the bigger the reward, the better), but never manages to catch any of them.
- Red Dead Revolver includes the protagonist Red as a bounty hunter of the heroic type.
- The sequel Red Dead Redemption John is pretty much a Government Bounty Hunter, who has to hunt down the rest of his old gang dead or alive, or he'll never see his family again.
- Also allows the player to accept bounty hunting side-missions by collecting the Wanted Posters he finds. The player then tracks the bounty and has the choice of capturing them (for a bigger reward) or simply killing them. Also, committing crimes will create a bounty on the player himself, and bounty hunters will come after you hoping to collect.
- And again for the prequel.
- And again for its online multiplayer component, where Bounty Hunter is a full-on role with its own unique perks and missions.
- Hachimen from Sacrifice works entirely for the highest bidder. Presented due to him having an array of different spells, mostly early Pyro units, and later, Stratos units.
- Tokyo Hunters in Shin Megami Tensei IV. Functionally, Samurai who take quests from K are pretty much the same, though from a trained fighting force instead.
- In SNATCHER, due to understaffing, JUNKER is forced to hire bounty hunters to help in taking down the eponymous SNATCHERs. However, only one (named Random/Randam Hajile) plays a major role in the story.
- The various Hunter organizations of Solatorobo: Red the Hunter are this in all but name. Though most of the jobs the guild offers are along the lines of Fetch Quests or 20 Bear Asses.
- Star Wars: Bounty Hunter features playing as Jango Fett. Guess what the game revolves around.
- Star Wars: The Old Republic has an en