The way to do this is to modify the theme outline you are using. You should save it with a different name in the .leo/themes directory, and then you can specify that theme in your myLeoSettings.leo file. Otherwise (if you don't save to your .leo/themes directory) the next time you update Leo, your changes might get lost.
You can edit a theme file most easily from the Settings/Open a Theme File menu item. Search for a node named something like Fonts & text sizes. If you don't find that, look for string settings like @string font-size-body = 12pt. Change that to what you want. There is a similar one for the tree font, too. Save the theme file, change myLeoSettings, and restart Leo.
I suggest trying out one of the themes that start with tbp_, or include tbp in their name. They are ones I developed and the reason I suggest them is that they use a different font family for the tree and other elements except the body. The tree font, which I label with "ui", is not a monospaced font. It's been chosen to have good readability at smaller sizes, and because it's not monospaced you can get more characters into a short headline. When I check out other fonts any more, I can hardly stand looking at them because the tree and menus seem so bulky.
The one I use the most is tbp_dark. It's a dark theme, and if you would rather have a light theme you could try tbp_light. As you will notice there are some tbp_ solarized themes as well. If none of them suit you, you could use them as a starting point for working up your own theme. But be warned! It can take a lot of time, mostly to get non-main-text colors to work reasonably well with the text foreground and background.
The reason some of my theme file have slightly strange names like minimal-ui-tbp_dark_solarized.leo is because I changed the Qt stylesheet used by many of the themes to use fewer class specifiers (hence "minimal").
I've attached a screen shot so you can see what my tbp_dark theme looks like. Note how the font for the tree (and the menu labels) is different from the font for the body, and how much easier it is to scan the tree's headlines.