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Joseph Zyiuahndy
Microsoft Windows is a computer operating system developed by Microsoft. It was first launched in 1985 as a graphical operating system built on MS-DOS. The initial version was followed by several subsequent releases, and by the early 1990s, the Windows line had split into two separate lines of releases: Windows 9x for consumers and Windows NT for businesses and enterprises. In the following years, several further variants of Windows would be released: Windows CE in 1996 for embedded systems; Pocket PC in 2000 (renamed to Windows Mobile in 2003 and Windows Phone in 2010) for personal digital assistants and, later, smartphones; Windows Holographic in 2016 for AR/VR headsets; and several other editions.
Windows MultiPoint Server was an operating system based on Windows Server. It was succeeded by the MultiPoint Services role in Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server version 1709. It was no longer being developed in Windows Server version 1803 and later versions.
In 2012 and 2013, Microsoft released versions of Windows specially designed to run on ARM-based tablets; these versions of Windows, named "Windows RT" and "Windows RT 8.1," were based on Windows 8 and Windows 8.1, respectively. Upon the release of Windows 10 in 2015, the ARM-specific version for large tablets was discontinued; large tablets (such as the Surface Pro 4) were only released with x86 processors and could run the full version of Windows 10. Windows 10 Mobile had the ability to be installed on smaller tablets (up to nine inches);[26] however, very few such tablets were released, and Windows 10 Mobile primarily ended up only running on smartphones until its discontinuation. In 2017, the full version of Windows 10 gained the ability to run on ARM, thus rendering a specific version of Windows for ARM-based tablets unnecessary.
Use the values under HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion. I presume you know where to find that hive?! Therespective hive can be found under %SystemRoot%\System32\config withthe name SOFTWARE.
Side-note: you can attempt to verify your results by looking at somewell-known files (e.g. kernel32.dll, ntdll.dll) and into theirversion information resource (what you're looking for is the fileversion: with, e.g. GetFileVersionInfo()).
If you boot into Windows installation media (say USB stick), and press [SHIFT] + [F10] to get the command prompt, you could query which drive letter corresponds to the original OS drive in question, and then get the version info of a program like ntoskrnl.exe. For example to explore the installed disks and related drive letters,
Comprehensive information about Windows version is contained in the registry under HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion. You will need to load a corresponding hive from the system in question:
Beginning with Windows 10, version 21H2, feature updates for Windows 10 release are released annually, in the second half of the calendar year, to the General Availability Channel. They will be serviced with monthly quality updates for 18 or 30 months from the date of the release, depending on the lifecycle policy.
We recommend that organizations begin deployment of each General Availability Channel release immediately as a targeted deployment to devices selected for early adoption and ramp up to full deployment at your discretion. This will enable you to gain access to new features, experiences, and integrated security as soon as possible.
Windows Server 2016 and Windows 10 Anniversary Update (both version 14393) were the first Windows releases that could build and run Windows Server containers. Containers built using these versions can run on newer releases, but there are a few things you need to know before you start.
The architecture of Windows differs vastly from that of Linux. Linux has a monolithic kernel, while in Windows User and Kernel mode are more tightly bound. Until the introduction of containers, Windows User and Kernel mode were shipped in synchrony, thus resulting in container compatibility requirements on Windows that differ from the norm in Linux.
Decoupling the User/Kernel boundary in Windows is a monumental task and highly non-trivial, however, we have been working hard to stabilize this boundary across all of Windows to provide our customers the flexibility to run down-level containers. Starting with Windows 11 and Windows Server 2022 we are enabling the ability to run process-isolated WS2022 containers on Windows 11 hosts. We've done our best to capture the areas which break the boundary, but now want to open the feature to developers on Windows 11 for feedback. We are committed to enabling this experience for you, so please let us know when you experience issues.
For any other scenario where there is a mismatch in host/guest Windows versioning compatibility between User/Kernel mode is possible, but not guaranteed, and thus the container image will be prevented from running on the host. For any mismatched version, running with Hyper-V isolation provides the container with a set of matching Kernel binaries and does not depend on the version of the host. See the tables below for a detailed compatibility matrix.
Windows 10 version 1809 and Windows Server 2019 had the same build number at GA moment. Since then, they received independent updates resulting in build number mismatch. Process isolation on Windows client is available in preview for Windows 11 with Windows Server 2022 images - with build number mismatch. If you have a requirement to run process isolated containers on a Windows 10, please let us know in our GitHub issues.
The Windows operating system has four levels of versioning: major, minor, build and revision. For example, version 10.0.14393.103 would have a major version of 10, a minor version of 0, a build number of 14393, and a revision number of 103. The build number only changes when new versions of the OS are published, and the revision number is updated as Windows updates are applied.
With the exception of WS2022 + Windows 11, Windows Server containers are blocked from starting when the build number between the container host and the container image are different. For example, when the container host is version 10.0.14393.* (Windows Server 2016) and you attempt to run a container with an image version 10.0.16299.* (Windows Server, version 1709) the OS compute service will return a version incompatibility error.
We strongly recommend you update both your host and containers with the latest patches and updates to stay secure and compatible. For important guidance for how to update Windows containers, see Update Windows Server containers.
Example 1: The container host is running Windows Server 2016 with KB4041691 applied. Any Windows Server container deployed to this host must be based on the version 10.0.14393.1770 container base images. If you apply KB4053579 to the host container, you must also update the images to make sure the host container supports them.
Example 2: The container host is running Windows Server version 1809 with KB4534273 applied. Any Windows Server container deployed to this host must be based on a Windows Server version 1809 (10.0.17763) container base image, but doesn't need to match the host KB. If KB4534273 is applied to the host, the container images will still be supported, but we recommend you update them to address any potential security issues.
To check what version your base image uses, review the tags on the Docker hub or the image hash table provided in the image description. The Windows 10 update history page lists when each build and revision was released.
You can run Windows containers with or without Hyper-V isolation. Hyper-V isolation creates a secure boundary around the container with an optimized VM. Unlike standard Windows containers that share the kernel between containers and the host, each Hyper-V isolated container has its own instance of the Windows kernel. This means you can have different OS versions in the container host and image (for more information, see the following compatibility matrix).
As of April 16, 2019, the "latest" tag is no longer published or maintained for the Windows base OS container images. Please declare a specific tag when pulling or referencing images from these repos.
You must know which version you need to use for your container. For example, if you want Windows Server version 1809 as your container OS and want to have the latest patches for it, you should use the tag 1809 when specifying which version of the base OS container images you want, like so:
However, if you want a specific patch of Windows Server version 1809, you can specify the KB number in the tag. For example, to get a Nano Server base OS container image from Windows Server version 1809 with the KB4493509 applied to it, you would specify it like so:
The Server Core base images based on Windows Server 2022 and Windows Server 2019 are Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC) releases. If you for instance want Windows Server 2019 as your Server Core image's container OS and want to have the latest patches for it, you can specify LTSC releases like so:
Docker Swarm doesn't currently have a built-in way to match the version of Windows that a container uses to a host with the same version. If you update the service to use a newer container, it will run successfully.
If you need to run multiple versions of Windows for a long period of time, there are two approaches you can take: either configure the Windows hosts to always use Hyper-V isolation or use label constraints.
There are two considerations for Docker Swarm. In the case where you have a compose file that has a service that uses an image you didn't create, you'll want to update the reference accordingly. For example:
Add a label to each node called beta.kubernetes.io/osbuild. Windows Server 2016 needs both major and minor versions (14393.1715 in this example) to be supported without Hyper-V isolation. Windows Server version 1709 only needs the major version (16299 in this example) to match.
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