I never uploaded my 16S bacterial DB to LefSe. The only table I import to LefSe is 'collapsed' (to use qiime2 terminology), meaning that the OTU (ASVs here) have been attributed to known species from the DB. Once the table with known species is done, no more need for a DB (and LefSe is doesn't accept bacterial DB).
An example of such table's header is :
StoolType Cdifficile Cdifficile Normal Normal Cdifficile Cdifficile Cdifficile Normal Normal Normal [....]
k__Bacteria|p__Actinobacteria|__|__|__|__ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
k__Bacteria|p__Actinobacteria|c__Actinobacteria|__|__|__ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.000136799 0.000146585 0
k__Bacteria|p__Actinobacteria|c__Actinobacteria|o__Bifidobacteriales|f__Bifidobacteriaceae|__ 0 0.000203894 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.000160051
k__Bacteria|p__Actinobacteria|c__Actinobacteria|o__Bifidobacteriales|f__Bifidobacteriaceae|g__Bifidobacterium 0.023879181 0.449892955 0.531491361 0.586286417 0.004139454 0.026031879 0.118603643 0.144186047 0.493623571 0.109101579
k__Bacteria|p__Bacteroidetes|c__Bacteroidia|o__Bacteroidales|__|__ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.000273598 0 0
[....]
With more columns and more rows! But first line(s) is condition (and possibly subclass), one column per observation, and the lines are species.
The shape of the cladogram is only determined by the list of species in the first column.
Hope that clarifies things!
Oh! And LefSe is a great tool to compare groups, spot the differences, but not to graph taxonomy alone. To see the species present in 1 experimental condition, Krona charts are much better (in my opinion).