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Professional Communities was created to provide creditable and effective resources to people who assist individuals who are blind or have low vision. This user-friendly portal houses curated webinars, external courses, blogs, and much more. Looking for a place to connect? Join us at the APH Hive Discussion Boards to communicate with other parents and educators in the blindness and low vision field.
The APH ConnectCenter offers FREE curated advice and resources to assist children, parents, adults, and job seekers who are blind and low vision, and their associated professionals. Visit the APH ConnectCenter, or call our information & resource helpline at 800-232-5463.
APH Press is the leading publisher in the field of blindness and visual impairment, supporting teachers, families, and other professionals by publishing informative, well-researched, and innovative texts which enable people of all abilities to maximize their potential and independence.
Blind Field Services provides specialized and comprehensive vocational rehabilitation services to Californians who are blind or visually impaired. Blind Field Services staff have specialized knowledge and skills in serving individuals with vision loss, and they are co-located with other DOR offices throughout the state. The goal of Blind Field Services is to increase employment outcomes and enhance the independence and self-sufficiency for consumers in California who are blind and visually impaired through a team of counselors and supervisors who understand the barriers faced in achieving meaningful employment and independent living.
Blind Field Services offers unique services to DOR Consumers and employers. DOR Consumers working with a Blind Field Services counselor may receive all general vocational rehabilitation services with the addition of vision loss counseling. Employers may receive services and training specifically tailored for hiring and creating a successful work environment for individuals with blindness or visual impairment.
These are regional events for educators of blind and low vision learners. During the events resources are shared and space is made for collaboration with others. This year we are creating unique training opportunities for each event. Lunch or refreshments will be provided. Clock hours as well as ACVREP hours will be available.
We focus on providing quality individualized vocational rehabilitation services, independent living services and prevention-of-blindness services to consumers who are blind or have a visual impairment, leading to competitive employment and social and economic independence.
To Our Consumers: The South Carolina Commission for the Blind (SCCB) is conducting a comprehensive statewide needs assessment of the employment needs of individuals who are blind or have a visual impairment in South Carolina. We are asking you to complete a short survey so that we can include the knowledge and experience of...
To Our Business Partners: The South Carolina Commission for the Blind (SCCB) is conducting a comprehensive statewide needs assessment of the employment needs of individuals who are blind or have a visual impairment in South Carolina. As part of this assessment, we are surveying businesses to determine their needs related to recruiting, hiring,...
To Our Community Partners: The South Carolina Commission for the Blind (SCCB) is conducting a comprehensive statewide needs assessment of the employment needs of individuals who are blind or have a visual impairment in South Carolina. As part of this assessment, we are surveying our community partners to incorporate their knowledge and experience....
Join us in breaking barriers for Americans who are blind or have low vision. Donate today, and every dollar you give will be matched, up to $50,000, by our friends at the Gordon and Llura Gund Foundation!
AccessWorld is a reliable source of information at the intersection of disability and technology. Our quarterly publications provide honest commentary, expert insights, and trending discussions that are especially relevant to those who are blind or visually impaired.
In 2023, there is a website or app for just about any task, and these digital platforms offer convenience, cost savings, and efficiency. Yet, digital platforms have not been designed for everyone. Researchers at AFB conducted the Barriers to Digital Inclusion Survey (BDIS) to learn about the prevalence and impacts of digital inclusion barriers faced by individuals who are blind, have low vision, or are deafblind.
We are committed to conducting high-quality research related to blindness and low vision and sharing our findings broadly. If you would like to receive information about research opportunities, reports, webinars, and other ways we are sharing our research, please sign up!
The name Blind Tiger comes from the Prohibition-era custom of illegal drinking establishments (speakeasies) that displayed stuffed tigers to alert potential patrons to the availability of illegal alcohol after hours. These tigers were "blind," because the police and authorities - at least officially - did not know they existed.
The Blind Annuity Program benefit is for legally blind wartime Veterans, or surviving un-remarried spouses of legally blind wartime Veterans, who live and are domiciled in New York State. Blindness need not be a service-connected disability.
Society for the Blind is a full-service nonprofit agency providing services and programs for people who are blind or have low vision. Serving 27 counties in Northern California, Society for the Blind is located in Midtown Sacramento and has been serving our community for more than 60 years.
Blinding of data collectors and outcome adjudicators (sometimes the same individuals) is crucial to ensure unbiased ascertainment of outcomes. For example, in a randomized controlled trial of cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange in patients with multiple sclerosis, neither active treatment regimen was superior to placebo when assessed by blinded neurologists, but there was an apparent benefit of treatment with cyclophosphamide, plasma exchange and prednisone when unblinded neurologists performed the assessments.8 Although subjective outcomes are most at risk of ascertainment bias, seemingly objective outcomes often require some degree of subjectivity and therefore are at risk of bias as well.
Bias may also be introduced during the statistical analysis of the trial through the selective use and reporting of statistical tests. This may be a subconscious process spurred by investigators eager to see a positive result, but the consequences are profound. The best method to avoid this potential bias is blinding of the data analyst until the entire analysis has been completed.
Researchers should consider methods to blind each individual involved in a trial separately and search for the simplest, least invasive technique of achieving blinding. Determining the feasibility of blinding patients is usually simple. If the trial involves 2 similar procedures (such as a comparison of division versus nondivision of the short gastric vessels during laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication13), trialists may incorporate blinding by simply not informing patients of their treatment allocation. If, however, researchers are comparing surgical therapy to nonoperative management (such as a comparison of surgery versus surveillance for small aneurysms14), patients can only be blinded with ethically questionable methods like sham surgery.15
Although surgeons can rarely be blinded, it may be possible for researchers to blind other members of the treatment team and thus limit the potential for differential treatment. For example, whereas surgeons would clearly need to know whether patients were assigned to the division or nondivision group of the fundoplication study,13 the nurses, dieticians and other practitioners administering postoperative care could feasibly have been blinded by simply not informing them of the group allocation. In some cases, this might require more creative but feasible blinding techniques such as covering different incisions with large dressings.
Similarly, the individuals collecting data or adjudicating outcomes may often be blinded by use of relatively simple techniques. In a systematic review of all trials in orthopedic trauma over 10 years, researchers determined that over 85% of trials could have blinded at least some of the individuals assessing outcomes.16 In contrast, less than 10% of trials actually incorporated blinding of outcome assessors. The reviewers considered 3 techniques of blinding that could have been incorporated into these trials: using an independent individual unaware of the treatment allocation; concealing incisions or scars; and digitally altering radiographs to mask the type of implant (Fig. 1)
Whereas researchers should search for creative methods such as these to blind individuals in their trials, if they choose to incorporate a novel technique (such as manipulation of radiographs), they must ensure that the blinding process itself does not introduce bias by impairing the ability to accurately assess the outcome. Ideally, trialists will also test the successfulness of the blinding, although this should be undertaken before initiating a trial because there are dangers to testing the success of blinding once a trial has been completed.17 Researchers should look for 3 qualities in a novel blinding technique: it must successfully conceal the group allocation; it must not impair the ability to accurately assess outcomes; and it must be acceptable to the individuals that will be assessing outcomes.18
When data collectors or outcome adjudicators cannot be blinded, researchers should ensure that the outcomes being measured are as objective as possible. Furthermore, the outcomes should be reliable (although reliable outcomes are preferable whether or not the assessors are blinded). Finally, researchers should consider using duplicate assessment of outcomes and reporting the level of agreement achieved by the assessors.
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