Guide To Latin In International Law
Sherry Galeazzi
Disclaimer: Though this Compilation contains information of a legal nature, it has been developed for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice or opinions as to the current operative laws, regulations, or guidelines of any jurisdiction. In addition, because new laws, regulations, and guidelines are issued on a continuing basis, this Compilation is not an exhaustive source of all current applicable laws, regulations, and guidelines relating to international human subject research protections. While reasonable efforts have been made to assure the accuracy and completeness of the information provided, researchers and other individuals should check with local authorities and/or research ethics committees before starting research activities.
General Request for Public Input and Comments: To request that we include a new standard or a new country in the International Compilation, or to let us know of changes to these standards or broken links, please email us at OHRP...@hhs.gov.
The International Compilation of Human Research Standards is a listing of over 1,000 standards on human subjects protections in 131 countries and from many international organizations. These standards may include laws, regulations, and/or guidelines. Most of the listings provide hyperlinks to the source documents, some in English and some in their native language. The standards are classified into nine categories:
The Handbook of Latin American Studies (HLAS) is a selective bibliography with annotations and bibliographic essays provided by 130 professors of anthropology (archeology and ethnology), art, geography, government and politics, history, international relations, literature, music, philosophy, political economy, and sociology; and edited by librarians in the Hispanic Reading Room at the Library of Congress.
For a visual representation of the work of the Handbook, browse our Story Map presentation highlighting the resources described in HLAS, the notable connections between HLAS and the Library of Congress collections, and the essential role of the Contributing Editors:
The Handbook of Latin American Studies (HLAS) has been published since the mid-1930s. Within HLAS you will find citations for a variety of topics and disciplines that are not covered in current volumes. These entries provide useful historical information about Latin America and about the field of Latin American Studies in earlier decades. Topics previously covered include:
Some volumes also included occasional essays on specific topics such as "Treaties, Conventions, International Acts, Protocols, and Agreements" (volumes 4 through 9), "Latin American Studies in Scandinavia" (volume 22), and "Materials in the United States National Archives Relating to Latin America" (volume 22).
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NOBODY parties quite like the Latin Americans. Their love of a fiesta is matched only by their faith in football - as viewers of this year's World Cup tournament in Brazil will attest. But beyond this stereotype is an extremely diverse region of rainforests, deserts, mountains, beaches, rich histories and traditions.
Latin America is a subregion comprising the continent of South America plus Central America, Mexico and parts of the Caribbean and West Indies.
What unites its countries is the Romance languages (such as Spanish and Portuguese) that are spoken by the majority of its popuation.
Spanish is the most widely spoken language, being the official spoken language of all but five countries on the continent. Otherwise, Brazilian Portuguese is of course spoken in Brazil. Belize, Guyana, French Guyana and Suriname are the exceptions with English in Belize and Guyana, French in French Guyana and Dutch in Suriname being spoken there respectively. In some countries, indigenous languages such as Quechua or Guaran are widely spoken too.
Catholicism is widely practised throughout the continent with Brazil having the largest Catholic population in the world. Because of this, many Latin American countries are known to have a lot of religious celebrations which in turn is a reason to party! For example, the days leading up to Ash Wednesday known as Carnaval is celebrated with Rio de Janeiro and Salvador in Brazil and Baranquilla in Colombia being particularly renowned for the 24/7 celebrations throughout the period. Additionally, the week of Easter known as Semana Santa is widely celebrated throughout the continent with each village, town and city having their own traditions throughout the week.
Cost of living
Depending on the city and country you will study in, cost of living greatly differs. Argentina and Brazil are the countries with the highest cost of living with cities such as Buenos Aires or Rio de Janeiro having a cost of living similar to that of the UK or the USA, which is at times higher depending on the neighbourhood. Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru are known to have the cheapest living costs on average, approximately half of average Western living costs.
Getting around
Generally, air travel around Latin America is expensive. There are a few low budget airlines such as Viva Colombia usually operating within the country, which with enough advance planning works out cheaper than the bus. However, they are few and far in between in Latin America. The same goes for trains due to the risk of earthquakes, therefore the majority of the time, long distance buses are the only option. Bus tickets can be bought online with this compilation of bus agencies in Latin America being a useful guide or they can be bought direct at the bus station. Within the local area, metro systems, buses and taxis are usually at hand costing relatively little.
I chose Monterrey because of its international recognition as a good university in Latin America. Moreover, I decided to study in Mexico because of its geographical position, close to the USA and to South America too. My worries were related mostly to language, and to security reasons.
Monterrey is a beautiful place to study. The services at TEC are amazing. There are very good teachers and high level-classes. The atmosphere is really joyful.
This guide is designed to highlight important resources for the study of Latin America and the Caribbean as well as to identify major national and international resources. The information included here should be treated as entry points for further documentation and bibliography.
Northwestern University Libraries subscribes to hundreds of English-language databases that include full-text from international scholarly journal articles in all the disciplines, and would include content about Latin America and related subjects. See some of those databases below. For each discipline, there are library research guides to get you started, but what's featured on this guide for Latin American Studies is material from Latin America, in Spanish, Portuguese, and/or English.
The Latin American Regional Forum (LARF) provides a focus for all activities in the region. The group organises sessions at IBA Conferences and in particular has been instrumental in ensuring that a Latin American perspective is addressed during relevant special sessions. The LARF is closely affiliated with the North American Forum as the regions are geographically proximate and share many issues.
This study seeks to provide a general overview of whether or not the legal departments of Latin American companies and companies from other jurisdictions working in the region consider these issues as relevant, and whether or not these companies are promoting and requiring their outside counsel to have non-discrimination and Pro Bono policies in place. It also seeks to determine whether outside counsel in Latin America will have to implement policies relating to these matters in the short, medium or long term, not only because of their own convictions, but as a prerequisite to be hired or retained by their clients.
The Latin American Regional Forum presents a study on Law Firm perception on diversity, inclusion, pro bono and non-discrimination in Latin America (March 2020). The research, prepared by the Young Lawyers Council of the Latin American Regional Forum, sheds light on the perception of these important subjects among law firms in 15 different Latin American jurisdictions.
The guide focuses on the common pitfalls and cultural differences of doing business throughout the region. Each country has developed four different chapters, covering foreign investment, capital markets, rendering of public services and real estate regulations, while Brazil, Costa Rica, Chile, El Salvador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama and Uruguay each have an additional chapter about offshore companies services.
If you are a member of the Latin American Regional Forum, for additional networking opportunities, programs, interviews with fellow members and tips all exclusive to members, join our LinkedIn page at:
How to pronounce bird names? Here, you can find the list of scientific bird names which are curently in the database of the IOU. Please feel free to search for a genus or species names an listen to the pronounciation of it via audio file playback.
Towards easing such situations, the IOU presents here a spoken guide for the pronunciation of scientific bird names through the initiative of Professor Dr. Lucia Liu Severinghaus, IOU President 2014-2018. It is given in an English accent by Professor Dr. Jan Newton for the simple reason that English is now the lingua franca of science, and that at international meetings, scientific names are more often than not pronounced with an English accent.