Halloween was a holiday that I loved and hated when I was a kid...I found it a little nerve-wracking to come up with a good costume idea, to dress up and go out in front of people, and to go knock on doors. BUT--the candy. I loved Halloween because of the outrageous amount of candy you could get, for free, by just walking around for a couple hours. It was unbelievable, like a dream come true. Now that I'm older, I can buy my own candy and satiate my sweet tooth like a normal person, but I still enjoy handing out candy to the kids who come to my house, seeing them in all their spooky spectacularness. Just how did this fantastic holiday come to be? I'm glad you asked!
As I have before (for Valentine's Day, Thanksgiving, and Christmas) I went to the excellent America's Favorite Holidays by Bruce Forbes to find out. As is often the case with days we celebrate, the beginnings of our Halloween can be found centuries ago, and is related to the change in seasons and how that affected everyday life. The Celtic people in Ireland and the British Isles (ca. 500 BCE) celebrated a harvest-season festival called Samhain; this took place on November 1, a day that was essentially the beginning of their new year. This was the time when the agricultural season was ending and the harvest was brought in, and animals would be slaughtered so that they didn't have so many to feed over the winter; in essence, their new year began when their work ended, they were flush with food, and they were getting ready to face the coming dark and cold season. They would have a huge three day celebration where accounts were settled, legal matters decided, food shared and bonds strengthened. This last hurrah of the year began the day before Samhain, October 31. In addition to the annual festivities, this was also an important time of year spiritually. No doubt they were influenced by the lengthened periods of darkness and the dying off of flora as winter approached, and they believed that the boundary between the worlds of the living and the dead was less substantial.
Eventually, the Roman Christians came along, as they often did. Their first contact with the Celts of Ireland and Britain was in the 400s CE when missionaries were sent over. At the time, there was not a recognized Christian celebration that was similar to the Celts' Samhain, although it's certainly possible that early Christians did have harvest festivals at that time of year. It wasn't until the 600s CE that All Saints Day, also called All Hallows, became an official Christian event, and it was initially on May 13; this was a holy day for commemorating dead saints. A couple centuries later, the Pope changed that day to November 1. Why November 1? It is easy to to surmise that the Church moved it to that day to compete with, or rather finally stamp out, the Celtic holiday that might have still been practiced or recognized by some people; other Christian holidays, such as Easter and St. Valentine's Day, were intentionally celebrated on dates that were previously pagan holidays. However, there is also the possibility that All Saints Day was moved to a time of year when there would be an abundance of food, so that the people celebrating it would be well-fed and taken care of. About a century later, a second holy day was added on November 2, All Souls Day; this was a day to pray for the souls of those who were in purgatory, as well as the faithful who had died. All Saints and All Souls were referred to as Hallowtide or Hallowmas, basically, the season of the holy (saints) or the mass for the holy. And the evening before? All Hallows Eve, or Hallow'een, a time when the Church said the living should fast and pray to prepare for the following two days.
How did we get from that to the candy blowout that the holiday is today, in America specifically? In short, we owe our gratitude to the large number of Irish immigrants who came to the U.S., and brought their traditions with them. We also need to thank the Celts, who had converted to Christianity, but held onto some of their old ways. They properly recognized the holidays for the saints and the departed, but Hallow'een also took on special significance because of the long history and importance of Samhain. Instead of fasting and praying, they continued with their traditions of bonfires and games that aimed at telling the future. And, because this was still seen as a time when the dead could interact with the living, they continued another tradition to honor and appease those who had died: dressing up as souls of the departed and going around to all the houses to ask for gifts of food. So, when the little ones show up at your door shouting "trick or treat!" you can give them their little fun-sized candies, but also let them know that they are safe from the spirits of the dead who might be roaming the streets, at least until next year.
1957. Detective Inspector St. John Strafford has been summoned to County Wexford to investigate when a parish priest is found dead in Ballyglass House, the family seat of the aristocratic, secretive Osborne family. The Catholic Church rules Ireland with an iron fist, and Strafford-- a Protestant-- faces obstruction at every turn. There is a culture of silence in this tight-knit community, and Stafford learns the Osbornes are not at all what they seem. When his own deputy goes missing, Strafford must work to unravel the ever-expanding mystery before the community's secrets, like the snowfall itself, threatens to obliterate everything. -- adapted from jacket
I've been saving this to read over the holiday break...set in 1957, in County Wexford, Ireland. A craggy inspector investigates the murder of a priest in the local aristocratic home of the town's wealthy family. He has to deal to with a family with dark secrets and a small town that doesn't give up much to outsiders, all while battling the winter weather and snow as far as the eye can see. Perfect. -Candice
Loved your article, BUT I'm almost certain that, if I tell the sweet little kids dressed as Elsa and Batman that my candy protects them from the spirits of the dead, my next trick-or-treater will be the Iowa City Police Department!
But what in fact does Scripture say about prayer for the departed? This is a crucial issue for Orthodox and Catholic Christians, who are often challenged by well-meaning but misguided polemics coming from Protestant friends and relatives.
Here prayer for the dead and belief in the resurrection go hand in hand. It confirms the fact that in Pharisaic circles, from at least the first century before Christ, intercession for the departed was an integral part of Jewish worship.
Evidence from the catacombs shows that a similar pairing of these themes, prayer for the dead and belief in final resurrection, occurred from the very earliest period of Christian history. But is there any direct evidence in the New Testament that prayers can and should be offered for those who have died?
All of this leads to the conclusion that Onesiphorus was no longer alive but rather had died before the letter was written. Yet Paul indisputably prays for him as he looks forward to the general resurrection and final judgment.
Edited by the Very Rev. John Breck, this bi-monthly series began in 2002 and offered commentaries and observations by Fr. Breck and other authors. The first two installments offered reflections on life after the September 11th tragedies and on the debates surrounding embyronic stem cell research.
Sometimes the dearly departed are darkly departed. Join us for a walking tour to uncover those interred in the cemetery who took a darker path to the great beyond, whether by murder, mystery, or tragedy. Meet killers and their victims, beheaded train passengers, and a witch who promised to return from the dead. Meet those who embezzle, others who drowned, and sisters nicknamed Vampire and Viper. Not everyone buried at Laurel Hill West is resting in peace. Come along to uncover their dark past.
Sir, My Dad fell ill one day & the very next day I had to go to my office to complete my relieving formalities..on my way back Home, my Dad passed away.. I feel so guilty of losing such a Devoted Father. I dont know why I am alive & what to do?? What should I do for him??
I am very sorry for the loss of your father. It is a shock and a loss. He is such a good soul. You will see him again. Our Guru, Paramhansa Yogananda taught that families are drawn together by karmic bonds of love, or bonds of hate. Yours is a bond of love. Even though it is difficult to love your father now, please try to rejoice for him that he is free in a higher realm. He did not have to suffer much illness at the end. It was very quick. That is how some souls choose to go.
I am not speaking lightly, for I know how difficult loss can be. My husband died in August 2012. He was only age 61. On the one hand, it seemed much too soon to lose him. I would have loved to be with him another three or four decades, into our elder years. And I would wish that our three grown children could have him in their lives now, and our two young grandchildren were both born after Timothy died. I am sorry that they will not know him in the normal way. Even so, I am grateful that we were able to raise our family together. Timothy died when our youngest was age 19, and in his second year of college. I am grateful for those blessings while I also grieve the loss of his physical presence. I wrote more about it here: When the Miracle Is Withheld: A Story of Loss and Transcendence.
I have included, below, some quotes from Paramhansa Yogananda on loss and death. I hope you find them helpful. Some of the suggestions take great focus and concentration, and this is harder to achieve in the time period of raw grief. Please read through the suggestions and start with the easier ones first. Please also feel free to contact me if I can be of further help to you or to your family.
Communicating with departed loved ones, like the existence of life after death, is a closely guarded secret. Only selfless, patient, all-loving individuals are able to establish a link with departed loved ones after death.
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