Keygen Para Toad Data Modeler Forum
Blair Capellas
My point was that there should be no assumption that an RG observation is correctly identified. The only assumption should be that RG observations are more likely to be correctly identified than those which are not RG. It is simply no more or less than a level of confidence above non-RG. Nobody here has yet demonstrated that the problematic cases are frequent enough to undermine the step up in confidence.
Now I see why you seemed to misunderstand my point. It is not about whether they are RG or not, it is about whether they are dropping out of the needs ID pool (default Identify parameters) and therefore getting less of a chance to be corrected. And yes, another way to solve the problem would be to open up those parameters and include RG obs, but then the needs ID pool would be huge!
As for your point, I personally try to pick taxa that I know and look quickly thru all obs identified as that taxon to check if everything seems to be in order, regardless of RG or not. I see your point, but it requires a trade off, as there are significant disadvantages whatever you do. At the end of the day, the best approach seems to me to just try to improve data quality over time and we have to live with a low level of misidentifications (which is not a problem restricted by any means to iNat and the like, but every collection in the world and every publication!)
The first response pointed you in the right direction, and even followed up by asking you how you got to the forum to post your plant ID request instead of iNaturalist itself, which I can only assume to be an effort to evaluate whether something is misdirecting people to the forum for those type of enquiries.
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A new species of barking deer (Muntiacus spp.) is described from northern Myanmar. Diagnostic DNA character data are presented along with preliminary information on morphology, distribution, and phylogenetic relationships. This discovery contributes significantly to our knowledge of this poorly studied group and highlights the importance of continued field surveys in remote regions. Similar studies have resulted in a significant increase in conservation efforts in other parts of South-east Asia, and argue for additional conservation efforts for this region.
The Belding's yellowthroat (Geothlypis beldingi) is an endemic species of Baja California Sur confined to the edge vegetation of freshwater at several oases. Information on its current status, distribution and habitat selection, and an analysis of the human-related threats that the species faces at 10 oases are given here. Belding's yellowthroats have disappeared from three historical sites, Santiago, Miraflores and El Triunfo, where they were recorded in the early 1900s. Belding's yellowthroats forage mainly in reed grass and cattails in all oases and were never recorded > 50 m outside the edge vegetation of the water. The main threats we detected to their habitat were cutting of reed grass for rural home construction, burning vegetation, opening trails to the water for cattle, overgrazing of reed grass by horses and burros, and using up the water for agricultural and tourism purposes. Although local populations of the species seem to be common, they are vulnerable because the distribution of the species in southern Baja California is patchy. Populations are in general small and isolated, the bird has habitat-specific requirements, and human-related activity is putting pressure on the habitat of this endemic species. A Multidimensional Scaling Analysis showed that southern populations are likely to be more severely affected than northern ones.
The success of captive-breeding and release programmes is often compromised by predation of released individuals, which are nave about predators. Pre-release behavioural preparation of release candidates in the form of anti-predator training has been attempted infrequently, usually using models of predators, but success was most often measured in terms of improved behavioural responses rather than survival to breeding age after release. Here we report that post-release survival of captive-reared houbara bustards (Chlamydotis [undulata] macqueenii) was improved through exposure to a live predator before release: a result with possible applications for a wide range of species currently the focus of reintroduction projects. We also show that rearing houbara with minimal human contact and training with a model of a predator had no effect on post-release survival. Moreover, neither pre-release behavioural responses to a model predator nor the degree of tonic immobility were predictors of post-release survival.
The major nesting areas for loggerhead turtles in Brazil are estimated to produce about 90% female hatchlings on account of their warm temperatures. In the present study, sand temperatures were monitored at the southern cooler end of the nesting range (Comboios, Espirto Santo): the temperatures were cool enough to produce a far greater proportion of males than at the major beaches further north. Particular beaches may be thermally suited for the production of a particular sex. Protection of rookeries that appear minor in terms of numbers of turtles nesting could be important for the health of a larger population by insuring that there is an appropriate sex ratio. Temperatures were also monitored in a central guarded hatchery, set back from high seas. The hatchery was thermally similar to zones on the beach where turtles commonly lay, indicating that this conservation practice is unlikely to introduce any large distortions of sex ratio on this beach.
Large carnivores are of vital importance to the stability and integrity of most ecosystems, but recent declines in free-ranging populations have highlighted the potentially devastating effect of infectious diseases on their conservation. We reviewed the literature on infectious diseases of 34 large (maximum body mass of adults >20 kg) terrestrial carnivore species, 18 of which are considered to be threatened in the wild, and examined reports of antibody prevalence (seroprevalence) and cases of infection, mortality and population decline. Of 52 diseases examined, 44% were viral, 31% bacterial and the remainder were protozoal or fungal. Many infections were endemic in carnivores and/or infected multiple taxonomic families, with the majority probably occurring via inhalation or ingestion. Most disease studies consisted of serological surveys for disease antibodies, and antibody detection tended to be widespread implying that exposure to micro-organisms was common. Seroprevalence was higher in tropical than temperate areas, and marginally higher for infections known to occur in multiple carnivore groups. Confirmation of active infection via micro-organism recovery was less common for ursids than other taxonomic groups. Published descriptions of disease-induced population decline or extinction were rare, and most outbreaks were allegedly the result of direct transmission of rabies or canine distemper virus (CDV) from abundant carnivore species to less-common large carnivores. We conclude that the threat of disease epidemics in large carnivores may be serious if otherwise lethal infections are endemic in reservoir hosts and transmitted horizontally among taxa. To prevent or mitigate future population declines, research efforts should be aimed at identifying both the diseases of potential importance to large carnivores and the ecological conditions associated with their spread and severity.
Relationships between mean individual fitness and genetic heterozygosity remain controversial because multiple studies over many years have yielded inconsistent results. However, molecular measurements of genetic variation have mostly been based on allozyme markers, which may have substantial limitations due to their relative insensitivity and occasionally also to the effects of natural selection. We investigated variation in the number of tandem dinucleotide repeats at eight polymorphic microsatellite loci in 38 natterjack toad, Bufo calamita, populations that varied in census size, degree of isolation and distance from the distributional range edge. We also measured fitness attributes, notably larval survival and growth rates, under standardized conditions using samples from six of these populations. The results indicated that larval growth rates were positively and strongly correlated with expected heterozygosity (He) across the microsatellite loci. He was in turn highest in large populations with minimal isolation, but low near the biogeographical range edge irrespective of population size. Larvae from the smallest and most isolated natterjack population exhibited particularly low fitness and heterozygosity. Our results suggest that microsatellite loci may provide a valuable new approach in studies of links between fitness and heterozygosity.
Grouse, partridges and pheasants belong to the highly threatened avian order Galliformes. We collected together existing data on the distribution of these species in east Asia (China and Pakistan south and east to the Lesser Sundas in Indonesia and Palawan in the Philippines) from published and unpublished sources. From this we extracted 1068 records of 101 east Asian endemics (plus three other species that have been found in east Asian protected areas) in 369 protected areas. One species was found in 108 protected areas and a further two in 39 and 38 protected areas: six species were not known from any. Of the threatened endemics, 84% were recorded in 10 or fewer protected areas compared with 50% of endemic species that are non-threatened. A near-minimum network designed to include each species in three protected areas wherever possible comprised 49 irreplaceable sites and 33 others. Comparison with other studies should indicate which of these protected areas are also important for other groups of organisms, such as plants and swallowtail butterflies. There is a need for improvement in knowledge of occurrence in protected areas. This should be provided from further collation of existing information and from undertaking targeted surveys. There is also a need to consider which protected areas are suitable for inclusion in a network and how many such areas are required to ensure that each species is adequately represented.
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