There's good news and there's bad news-and let's face it, the bad news is usually more fun to read. Except when it isn't. So brace yourself for some bad, bad news: Crime & Detective magazine is no more. This will come as a rude shock to many readers, particularly army personnel, residents of the northeast and a legion of ironic hipsters, punsters, wits and wags and, well, mostly men.The fact is that C&D was a luridly entertaining and brilliant magazine but also something of a guilty addiction for thousands. For this writer, like countless others, it was a favourite companion on railway journeys, where, shrouded in the anonymity of transit, one could revel in the relentless assault of headlines unveiling the most salacious crimes from the heaving underbelly of our great nation. Faridabad: "Aunty's sinful relation with nephew led to uncle's death." Rampur: "May the Almighty save parents from such daughters." Muzaffarnagar: "Lost in mad love the woman committed incredible crime." Raipur: "Paramour proved more important than husband." Delhi: "Double life of a woman: two husband and two religion."
Even better were the famed 'photo comics', titillating morality tales scripted and directed by C&D's executive editor Shailabh Rawat. Their distinctive staging, part Ramsay Brothers part Kabhi Saas Kabhi Bahu illuminated by speech bubbles of inspired wordplay (enhanced by the unintended felicities of translation) have long had a cult following of their own. The themes were varied and daring, ranging from cautionary tales of lustful godmen to sweetly understanding sermons on transvestites and BDSM.
How could such a wholesome and innocent pleasure meet such an untimely end? And whodunit? Rawat says the axe fell after some 'legal and technical problem' with distribution in the Northeast, which (along with cantonments and railway platforms) accounted for the bulk of the magazine's market.
All is not lost however. C&D's sister, the Hindi monthly Madhur Kathayen, which was also the source of the photo-comics, remains in rude health with a readership of 5 million according to Rawat. And while the troubled end of their English magazine was unsettling for the publishers, Nai Sadi Prakashan, they are now contemplating a relaunch of C&D as a digital publication. Some good news after all.
Nevertheless, when these novels made their way to India, first translated into Bengali and then other Indian languages, they were almost immediately a commercial success. Particularly in Bengal, the colonial education system had, over generations, cultivated a class of English readers and an atmosphere of Anglophilia. Soon, Bengali writers were creating their own detective characters. Perhaps most notably, in the early 1930s, Saradindu Bandyopadhyay began publishing stories featuring the iconic character Byomkesh Bakshi, a bourgeois Bengali intellectual who trades the pursuit of justice for the pursuit of truth.
Soon, pulpy paperbacks with covers festooned with scantily clad women and steely eyed men brandishing guns provided vicarious thrills for upwardly mobile youth moving from villages to towns and cities. Often, they attracted male readers who had long hours to kill on buses and trains as they traveled between their jobs in the city and their families back home in the village. These novels thus came to inhabit not just a linguistically vernacular space but a physical one as well. To this day, you cannot find them among the well-heeled bookshops of the big cities; instead, you must head to the A.H. Wheeler book stalls and carts on the platforms of railway stations or the sidewalk sellers near bus depots.
Despite the rampant popularity of these novels, English-language newspapers such as the Times of India sneered at the genre, suggesting that it was relegated to the lower classes, even inspiring criminal activity.
So, on that day in 2017 when Pathak uttered the death knell of Hindi, he might not have been reacting to the end of the genre so much as mourning the way that vernacular novels and their authors are marginalized by their glossier, highbrow Anglophone counterparts. But a closer look at the global Anglophone register of the novels of an author like Chandra gives a more nuanced perspective on the multilingual, multimedia landscape of popular Indian crime literature.
Thus, Chandra echoed the concerns of literary scholars like Emily Apter and Aamir Mufti who have decried the ways that the postcolonial Anglophone novel, in this case the kind of Indian novels that regularly grace the Man Booker and other international prize lists, have obscured the rich diversity of literatures written in dozens of regional languages. Chandra is not irritated that he is being barred from the Anglophone center of the world republic of letters, to borrow a phrase from the literary critic Pascale Casanova, but rather that he is denied full participation in its vernacular periphery.
Detective Moochhwala is an eponymous Indian magazine comic strip created by the well-known Indian cartoonist Ajit Ninan.[1] The strip chronicles the adventures of Moochhwala, a fictional detective, and his dog, Pooch, who solve several crimes armed with high-tech equipment and a little chutzpah.
The comic series appeared in an Indian youth magazine Target (part of the India Today Group) between 1979 and 1991. [2] The strip was notable for its illustrations, which were remarkably detailed and high quality for the time.
Detective Moochhwala was a staple of children and youngsters in India for a number of years. The comic strip was stopped sometime in 1991, when the magazine underwent a renaissance and transformed itself into a more text-oriented version.
The main characters are Moochhwala the detective and his pet dog Pooch. The crime-fighting duo were sometimes referred to in the strip as "Mooch and Pooch", and managed to crack even the most difficult of cases.
This late-2010s hit created by British playwright Joe Penhall and frequently directed by David Fincher (The Killer) is a savvy blend of fact and fiction. Adapted from the 1985 true-crime book of the same name, Mindhunter follows two FBI agents (Jonathan Groff and Holt McCallany) conducting a multiyear research project to understand the psychology of imprisoned serial killers like Edmund Kemper (Cameron Britton) and David Berkowitz (Oliver Cooper). The acclaimed two-season series focuses more on personalities than it does grisly deaths, but that conceit is no less chilling. The detectives are as obsessive about the killers as the killers were about their victims, and through long, cerebral conversations, they probe the misogynistic impulses that drive some men to kill women.
As Shampa Roy shows in her book, Gender and Criminality in Bangla Crime Narratives: Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (2017), the popularity of goyenda (detective) fiction in magazines and novels in late 19th century Bengal had much to do with the advent of colonial modernity and the Anglicisation of the elite. While translations from English and French sources introduced the form to the bhadralok, adaptations with familiar plots in new settings allowed for an indigenisation of detective fiction in Bengal as perhaps nowhere else in the country.
The invitation created space for experimental and parodic stories as well as hybrid forms. In this context, the setting was absolutely crucial, as a way of generating the ambience of the detective story. Kolkata, Mumbai, and Chennai have been the coastal crucibles where tradition and modernity found their respective points of balance in detective stories. Calcutta was the preferred locale for many goyenda stories, reaching a high point in the work of Sharadindu Bandopadhyay and Satyajit Ray and, subsequently, many more. In several stories the city of Mumbai/Bombay assumes a definite character, as the venue both for unbridled aspirations and the inexorable fall as dreams are shattered with the onslaught of grim reality.
As submissions came in and selections were made, the stories were grouped in five sections. Stories featuring Sherlock Holmes style-amateur detectives, albeit with Indian moorings, are in Volume 1. This is followed by a section on experimental and parodic detective fiction. Stories blurring the lines between detective fiction, sci-fi, fantasy, and the existential thriller round off this volume. Volume 2 begins with a section on police procedurals, with policemen or women as protagonists. A section of historical mysteries concludes the second volume: here we find detectives from earlier periods solving crimes long before the advent of forensics and DNA testing.
The diversity of the new kind of writing now coming to the fore, whether in the regional context (in translation from Tamil and Bengali) or in English became apparent. The genre seems to be thriving, as the detective assumes centre stage as a mediator of ethical and social dilemmas. The detective story has become, in the best of the recent work, a lens through which the manifold injustices of Indian and subcontinental society can be illuminated.
As a mode of fictive testimony, the form bears witness to the continuing imperfections of the institutionalised system of law and order, as well as to the traumatic residue of past injustices (such as the collective violence during Partition and its afterlife). The scar tissue of prior historical trauma is bared here even as authors attempt to uncover the basis for the loss of faith in judicial processes and to unmask the pervasive working of power structures that seek to silence marginalised sections of society.
Earlier, I had made a foray into editing sci-fi (The Gollancz Books of South Asian Science Fiction, Volume 1 and 2 were the upshot). As I see it, both science fiction and detective fiction remain niche subgenres, though detective and crime fiction are possibly emerging into the mainstream to a greater extent. The braiding together of forms as writers reflect on crimes not only of the present, but also of the future is a sign that sci-fi and detective fiction need not be seen as watertight compartments. Such hybridisation is an indication of the porosity of boundaries and the vitality of such popular forms even as they continue to be reinvented.
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