Advanced Computer Architecture Pdf Notes

[Lucrecio Poinson]

UNIT2:

Instruction set architecture, CISC Scalar Processors , RISC Scalar Processors, VLIWarchitecture, Memory Hierarchy, Inclusion, Coherence and Locality, Memory capacity planning.Interleaved memory organization- memory interleaving, pipelined memory access, Bandwidthand Fault Tolerance. Backplane Bus System :Backplane bus specification, Addressing andtiming protocols, Arbitration transaction and interrupt.

UNIT 4:

Cache coherence, Snoopy protocols, Directory based protocols. Message routing schemes inmulticomputer network, deadlock and virtual channel. Vector Processing Principles, VectorInstruction types, Vector-access memory schemes. Vector supercomputer architecture, SIMDorganization: distributed memory model and shared memory model. Principles ofMultithreading: Multithreading Issues and Solutions, Multiple-Context Processors

UNIT 5:

Parallel Programming Models, Shared-Variable Model, Message-Passing Model, Data-ParallelModel, Object-Oriented Model, Functional and Logic Models, Parallel Languages andCompilers, Language Features for Parallelism, Parallel Programming Environment, SoftwareTools and Environments

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Course Objectives:

The main objective of the advanced computer aarchitecture is to provide advanced knowledge of computer architecture including parallel architectures, instruction-level parallel architectures, superscalar architectures, thread and process-level parallel architecture.

Advanced Computer Mathematics has a focus to provide the student with a conceptual background in computer science. Topics include computer architecture, data representation, operating systems, computing systems in society, and software development. Students will implement the major stages of software development using a high-level language. Topics will include loops, selections, and arrays. This Advanced course covers all topics in the regular Computer Mathematics class as well as others. In some schools this course is the first year of a three-year curriculum in Computer Science.

This course examines the techniques and underlying principles that are used to design high-performance computers and processors. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding the trade-offs involved when making design decisions at the architectural level. A range of processor architectures are explored and contrasted. In each case we examine their merits and limitations and how ultimately the ability to scale performance is restricted.

This course is an advanced course for Master's and PhD students, and it is lectured in English. The course is offered during the spring term by the DTU Compute department at the Technical University of Denmark.

Computer architecture, the art and science of designing hardware, is an exciting and fast changing research and development field. In this course we intend to transfer this excitement to the students.

Students will learn the organization and design of contemporary processor architectures. The foundations such as instruction set, pipelining, and memory hierarchies are reviewed. We will cover advanced concepts such as instruction-level parallelism, out-of-order execution, and chip-multiprocessing. As the current trend in computer architecture is towards chip-multiprocessing, the architecture of shared memory multiprocessors and chip level interconnect (network-on-chip) will be a central focus of the course.

Most processors (99+%) are used in embedded systems, and many of those embedded systems are real-time systems. Therefore, processors need to be designed in a way that worst-case execution time analysis is feasible. We will cover current research in the field of time-predictable architectures.

This solicitation continues the Advanced Computing Systems and Services (ACSS) program's emphasis on funding systems and services providing cyberinfrastructure (CI) for the Nation's Science & Engineering (S&E) research community.

Proposers are reminded that, proposed capabilities and/or services must conform to the performance requirements when preparing Resource Reliability and Usability as required within the Intellectual Merit section of the Project Description. This includes the requirements that:

Proposers are reminded that user support and operating costs MUST NOT be included in the budget section of the proposal. An analysis of annual operating costs of the resource for the duration of the award must be presented in (and only in) the Operations Plan as required within the Intellectual Merit section of the Project Description.

Any proposal submitted in response to this solicitation should be submitted in accordance with the NSF Proposal & Award Policies & Procedures Guide (PAPPG) that is in effect for the relevant due date to which the proposal is being submitted. The NSF PAPPG is regularly revised and it is the responsibility of the proposer to ensure that the proposal meets the requirements specified in this solicitation and the applicable version of the PAPPG. Submitting a proposal prior to a specified deadline does not negate this requirement.

Synopsis of Program: The intent of this solicitation is to request proposals from organizations who are willing to serve as resource providers within the NSF Advanced Computing Systems and Services (ACSS) program. Resource providers would (1) provide advanced cyberinfrastructure (CI) resources in production operations to support the full range of computational- and data-intensive research across all of science and engineering (S&E), and (2) ensure democratized and equitable access to the proposed resources. The current solicitation is intended to complement previous NSF investments in advanced computational infrastructure by provisioning resources, broadly defined in this solicitation to include systems and/or services, in two categories:

The ACSS Program especially seeks broad representation of PIs (including women, underrepresented minorities, and individuals with disabilities) and institutions (including those that have not historically provided nationally allocatable cyberinfrastructure) in both the community of resource awardees and resources users to continue growing the scale and diversity of the S&E community.

The length of the award may vary depending on the type of resource funded. However, in most cases, it is expected to be up to 5 years. The details are described in the section entitled Program Requirements and should be carefully considered.

It is anticipated that, during submission cycles accepting Category I proposals, 1-3 Category I awards will be made at up to $10,000,000 per award for up to five years. During cycles accepting Category II proposals, 1-4 Category II awards will be made at up to $5,000,000 per award for up to five years.

User support and operating costs are expected to be up to 20% of the total resource acquisition cost per year for each deployed Category I or Category II system/service for up to five years. Should the proposed resource require additional user and operating funds, an additional 5% may be requested along with very strong justification for the request. User support and operating costs will be provided as a separate supplement to the awarded cooperative agreement. Proposals should provide an analysis of the projected annual operating costs of the proposed resource for a period of up to five years.

An organization may submit only one proposal but may be a subawardee on other proposals responding to this solicitation. The restriction to no more than one submitted proposal as lead institution is to help ensure that there is appropriate institutional commitment necessary for responsible oversight, by the potential awardee institution, of a national resource.

Collaborative projects may only be submitted as a single proposal in which a single award is being requested (PAPPG Chapter II.E.3.a). The involvement of partner organizations should be supported through subawards administered by the submitting organization.

These eligibility constraints will be strictly enforced in order to treat everyone fairly and consistently. In the event that an organization exceeds this limit, the proposal received within the limit will be accepted based on the earliest date and time of proposal submission (i.e., the first proposal received will be accepted and the remainder will be returned without review). No exceptions will be made.

An individual may be the PI or co-PI on no more than one proposal that responds to this solicitation. There is no limit on the number of proposals with which an individual may be associated in other capacities, such as senior personnel.

These eligibility constraints will be strictly enforced in order to treat everyone fairly and consistently. In the event that an individual exceeds this limit, the proposal received within the limit will be accepted based on the earliest date and time of proposal submission (i.e., the first proposal received will be accepted and the remainder will be returned without review). No exceptions will be made.

NSF supports several computational resources delivering peak performance in the multiple petaflops range, matched with comparable data capabilities, to enable a broad range of S&E research applications. Such resources and the support of their user communities are coordinated through the NSF-funded Advanced Computing Coordination Ecosystem: Services and Support (ACCESS) suite of services. In addition, NSF also supports high-throughput computational needs for thousands of researchers across the S&E research community annually, coordinated via services such as the Partnership to Advanced Throughput Computing (PATh). S&E research and education enabled by state-of-the-art CI capabilities and services have a direct bearing on our Nation's competitiveness, security, prosperity, national health, and welfare.

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