Sure. In fact, Xilinx has a FreeRTOS BSP as part of one of their PetaLinux demos. The demo is targeted at Xilinx's own development board, but it can work on the snickerdoodle as well.
Of course, FreeRTOS is not a multi-processor OS. There's no symmetric multi-processing (SMP) capability. Your choices are to run the two ARM cores in an asymmetric multi-processing (AMP) configuration, with an independent OS on each core. You could have each run a copy of FreeRTOS, or run FreeRTOS on one core and something else (such as Linux) on the other. Or just leave the second core disabled, which will reduce power consumption.
I don't understand your question about performance. FreeRTOS is pretty lightweight and efficient, if that's what you mean. Other than that, performance is entirely a product of what you're doing and how you're doing it.
-Nick