Hi Veronica,
What you’re asking has been brought up by the community before, but I’m not aware of a ready-to-go solution. If one exists, I know many other people would love to know about it.
Theoretically it is definitely possible as the form can take any binary data as input. For example, when you take a photo with the image question type (or video, or recording) on an Android device, these questions 'call' other apps who then handle the data input outside of Collect. These media files are then saved in the /sdcard/odk/forms/… directory, with a file reference saved in the actual form data. Such an external app could handle scanning the fingerprints in a variety of ways through an external fingerprint (or iris, etc) scanner, communicating with the phone or tablet via BlueTooth or other means.