Check out
this post and see if it gives you any ideas about going the shapefile route. Also, GE Pro and SketchUp can import shapefiles.
If you have a great big PDF map that you want to plop into GE as an overlay, I don't know of any other vector route than to meticulously convert to shapefiles.
One thing I've found out from PNGs with alpha transparency is that they are much smaller files than the pixel dimensions would suggest. In an overlay with transparency, most of the image area will not count toward file size. I'm guessing that your 10K square image used no transparency.
You can also tile overlays, and even overlap them, making sure the drawing order is correct.
SMcQ