Excuse me for being a few brain cells short, but when I last checked ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange...
And your looking to return the following example values for the cursor keys...
Left Arrow = ASCII 37 = %
Up Arrow = ASCII 38 = &
Right Arrow = ASCII 39 = '
Down Arrow = ASCII 40 = (
...just checking ?
Kivy on_keyboard_down( keyboard, keycode, text, modifiers)
For example for left arrow returns in keycode = (276, 'left')
Thus keycode[0]=276 is the keycode and keycode[1] = ascii char string of the key pressed, which in the case of the cursor keys contains the string 'left'. For the cursor keys text=''.
Hope that helps?