Nfs Hot Pursuit 2010 Language Change
Kanisha Dezarn
This essential volume, edited by Meg Gebhard, illustrates how K-12 teachers use Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and action research to support the development of disciplinary literacy among diverse learners in high-stakes school reform contexts. With contributions from teachers, teacher educators, and researchers, this book empowers teachers to be agents of change in their schools by designing and implementing of curricula, instruction, and assessment that build on students' cultural and linguistic knowledge. This book provides a framework, tools and resources for teaching and supporting multilingual students and ELLs through case studies and contexts. This book aims to improve teachers' professional practice through critical SFL pedagogy and to support teachers in combating racist and xenophobic (anti-immigrant) rhetoric by contributing to their schools' equality agenda.
Elih Sutisna Yanto serves as a reviewer for the Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, which is published by EMERALD, Cogent Arts & Humanities and Cogent Education, which are published by Taylor & Francis, and The Journal of Asia TEFL. In addition, he is a board member of the Exploratory Practice Indonesian Community (EPiC) and a teacher training and education faculty member at Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang, Indonesia. His research interests are professional development for language teachers, Systemic Functional Linguistics in language education, and qualitative research in ELT. Direct all correspondence concerning this article to elih.s...@fkip.unsika.ac.id.
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The RePEc plagiarism page The Pursuit of Social Change in Nigeria: The Language Education AlternativeOladotun Opeoluwa OlagbajuJournal of Education and Literature, 2014, vol. 1, issue 3, 99-105Abstract:Nigeria is on the verge of collapse, our social structures are fast crumbling and there is a general state of anarchy which is fueled by ethno-religious sentiments and insecurity to mention just a few. This is because as a nation, we have lost our national heritage which is deeply rooted in our cultural identities; there has been a social shift towards foreign and Non-African ways and fashion. It is expedient that we engineer a social change if our nation will survive this onslaught. Change is constant and inevitable in every human society. Social change is any alteration in the social structure of a people and it is a product of a number of factors chief of which is culture. Culture cannot be divorced from language, thus, there can be no meaningful change in the society without language education. This paper seeks to examine the efficiency of language education in the realisation of social change in Nigeria. Recommendations are also made on how to rebrand language education programmes in universities and the colleges of education to align with the pursuit of social change.Keywords: Language Education; Social Change; Social Integration; Indigenous Languages (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014
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The initiative would broaden the list of offenses that could prompt a pursuit. It says an officer could pursue someone they reasonably suspect broke "the law." It also says the officer could pursue if that person poses a "threat to the safety of" other people.
Other regulations, like training rules and supervision requirements, are not changed by the initiative, nor does the initiative force police departments to adopt the looser parameters. Communities where local police departments have adopted more restrictive rules may not see any changes even once the initiative language goes into effect in early June.
Meanwhile, Republicans have characterized the initiative as a way to give law enforcement back a "tool" they say the existing law took away. Rep. Dan Griffey (R-Allyn) said that passing the initiative would send a message that people cannot commit crimes without consequence.
There was some hesitation among Democrats to support the measure because they worry about how it might change teenagers' rights to health care services and privacy. But an analysis from legislative staff shows that most of what's laid out in the parental rights initiative already exists under a combination of state and federal regulations and wouldn't conflict with students' rights.
Education officials and key state lawmakers have said concerns that some of the initiative language is vague or could cause confusion among local school leaders can likely be addressed through guidance offered through the Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction.
A personal income tax hasn't been proposed by lawmakers because there are strict constitutional limits around what one could look like in the state, but Democrats have expressed interest in changing the state's tax code so that it falls less on the shoulders of low-wealth and low-income people.
Supporters of I-2111 say the measure sends a clear message that Washingtonians don't want a personal income tax. The state briefly had one during the Great Depression, but since then, voters have rejected various proposals that sought to create one.
Unlike regular bills, the initiatives do not go to the governor to be signed into law. Instead, the three initiatives that have gained legislative approval will go to the Secretary of State to be certified. The measures will become law in early June.
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The first thing to get straight is this: languages are not fixed entities. They are living phenomena which expand and contract, shapeshift, morph and evolve as time goes by. Old words slip away into oblivion and new word enter our lexicons to describe new inventions or problems. In that sense, languages are a bit like our own brains and memories, which are constantly assessing and reassessing what information we need to retain, how quickly we should be able to recall certain words, and what can be filed away into the archives.
Take for example the case of a linguist I once knew who moved from the UK to France at a young age in the mid-90s. By the time he got to university, he was proficiently bilingual, but his English had ossified. He used quintessential 90s slang words like wicked or dope, and half his vocabulary was lifted straight from shows like Friends or The Simpsons. His speech was clunky and cumbersome, too, and he realised that it now took more mental energy to speak what was once his native language than it did to speak his adopted French. So it is clear that language learning is not a cut-and-dried process, but what does this mean for learners of a second language?
It has long been thought that children are much better at learning languages than adults, and this is largely true. Young brains soak up new words like a sponge as part of an almost automatic acquisition process that requires little concerted effort. Kids are more attuned to different accents and find it easier to mimic and pick up new sounds. Many studies suggest that in order to become truly fluent in a second language, we need to begin learning before the age of ten. Somewhere between ten and eighteen, our natural flair tapers off and language learning becomes a more difficult and demanding process.
This is one of the reasons why Scandinavian speakers have a reputation for being particularly good at English and languages in general. We begin learning at a young age and spend our childhoods absorbing vocabulary from American music and culture. Even despite the unique phonology of Danish, which is notoriously difficult even for kids to acquire, growing up in Denmark gave me some key skills and a good foundation for a lifetime of language learning.
For a professional translator who works with multiple languages, this means constantly finding ways to engage and use all the languages they speak. Perhaps starting the day with a newspaper in Swedish, listening to a podcast in Spanish on the commute to work and phoning a friend in English at lunch time. Many linguists are constantly putting out their cultural tentacles in search of new media to consume and new people to connect with.
Returning to my question from the beginning it seems clear that, yes, language learning really is a life-long pursuit. Many people who begin the process later in life may never feel able to call themselves truly fluent, while even our native languages can falter over time if we live abroad and lose contact with home. This makes fluency a slippery concept and means that multilingual individuals need to constantly toil and graft so as not to lose what they have learned and acquired.
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