Built to be accessible from the ground up, Helios gives designers and engineers a centralized repository of components that they can use to build inclusive, beautiful, and consistent user experiences. Engineers can leverage code samples and expert guidance to save development time and reduce unnecessary customization.
HELIOS is a 1-D radiation-hydrodynamics code designed to study the hydrodynamic evolution of radiating plasmas. It can be used to study the evolution of planar, cylindrical, or spherical plasmas heated by laser beams or by external radiation sources. In designing HELIOS, a strong emphasis has been placed on making it easy to use. It features a user-friendly graphical interface for setting up problems and monitoring the progress of the simulation.
Besides the novelty of our analysis, the current study is also a method paper for our new atmospheric retrieval code named HELIOS-R, which we constructed from scratch to study exoplanetary atmospheres. HELIOS-R is part of the HELIOS radiation package of the Exoclimes Simulation Platform7 and has the following features (Figure 1).
In the current study, we choose to deal with cross-sections instead of opacities. For our HELIOS self-consistent radiative transfer code, we chose to use opacities instead (Malik et al. 2017). There are various strategies to construct the cross-section function of the atmosphere. By "cross-section function," we refer to the function that depends on temperature, pressure, wavenumber, and type of molecule. The cross-section function is a theoretical construction: it may be defined continuously or be sampled at an arbitrary number of discrete points. We consider the way in which the cross-section function is sampled as an issue of implementation, which we will now discuss. Regardless of the approach used to construct and sample the cross-section function, the end goal is the same: to use them to construct transmission functions and ultimately integrate fluxes over a waveband.
The "line-by-line" limit occurs when the integrated fluxes over a waveband is exact (to machine precision). It is essentially the second approach, but where the cross-section function is sampled at more wavenumber points than there are lines. Since there are \sim 10^9 (or more) lines for the water molecule alone, this is a formidable computational challenge and is currently infeasible for any retrieval code dealing with hot exoplanetary atmospheres. We note that a cross-section function that includes all of the lines of a given line list does not qualify it as being "line-by-line," if the sampling is not fine enough to resolve each line profile.
We previously developed a self-consistent radiative transfer code named HELIOS, which solves the radiative transfer equation in tandem with the first law of thermodynamics to obtain one-dimensional model atmospheres in radiative equilibrium (Malik et al. 2017). HELIOS was validated against the radiative transfer model of Miller-Ricci & Fortney (2010). In the limit of pure absorption, we also demonstrated that the two-stream and exact solutions produce excellent agreement if the diffusivity factor is set to two (Heng et al. 2014; Malik et al. 2017).
Overall, these exercises teach us that wavelength coverage and spectral resolution are generally not as important as knowledge of the surface gravity, though the K-band spectrum appears to encode crucial information on the molecular abundances. In Section 4.1, we will argue for setting Gaussian priors on \mathrmlogg as well as R when analyzing real data from the HR 8799 exoplanets.
Lee et al. (2013) analyzed the HR 8799b exoplanet and reported supersolar metallicities for their best fits, consistent with the present study. They considered two cloud models, where the monodisperse cloud particle radius is fixed manually and not formally included as part of the retrieval. The cloud composition is also assumed to be enstatite, whereas we have allowed the cloud composition to be part of the retrieval. The models of Lee et al. (2013) allowed for R and g to be uniform or log-uniform priors, whereas in the current study we have chosen R and \mathrmlog\,g to be Gaussian priors. Somewhat surprisingly, despite these differences, they retrieve a C/O value that is similar to what we find (see Figure 11). On the technical side, Lee et al. (2013) used the NEMESIS code, which implements a nonlinear optimal estimation (versus the nested sampling algorithm we implemented). This technique, which is also used by Barstow et al. (2015), assumes that the priors and posteriors are Gaussian and is unable to formally perform model selection via Bayesian evidence comparison. Lee et al. (2013) also do not consider equilibrium chemistry in their comparison of models. (See Line et al. 2013 for a comparison of these optimization methods.) Overall, HELIOS-R implements a number of improvements over NEMESIS that are more appropriate for the sparse data regime of exoplanetary atmospheres (compared to the remote sensing data of solar system objects) and is able to more rigorously explore a broader range of parameter space.
One of the simplest yet most useful types of sales codes you can have is a comment sales code. You may already be familiar with client notes but these are linked back to the client profile, not referential to a particular transactional event. The comment code allows an employee to provide details and/or context regarding a particular sale/transaction.
Now when an employee has to take steps that need further explanation, they can explain their actions with one or more comment codes. These will appear on the Daily Sales report and in the client's history.
Last week Pear Therapeutics trumpeted the creation of new reimbursement codes by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid for its three approved digital therapies, saying this was a step towards more widespread coverage of this category of medical device.
CMS uses reimbursement codes to facilitate the processing of health insurance claims by Medicare and other insurers. When new devices reach the market, sometimes they are so unlike anything already available that new codes must be created. Similar devices that gain approval subsequently can then use these new codes.
In the latest list of decisions from the CMS, Signifier was awarded two new codes to describe eXciteOSA, which gained de novo FDA clearance in early 2021 for daytime treatment of mild obstructive sleep apnoea and primary snoring.
But Pear Therapeutics arguably wins the prize for the most important achievement in gaining new codes. The means of reimbursing digital therapeutics has, until now, not been well defined, and the question has dogged not just Pear but companies like Akili, Orexo, Onduo and Mahana Therapeutics.
The given Helios does not come with the associated sentinel weapon: Deconstructor. A mild oversight, but worth the bug report nonetheless. Hopefully there is a chance players who redeemed this code could be given Deconstructor via a script or something.
Hi, i forked your repo and did an update a few seconds ago. I only added some code to get the external libraties running on OH2. I only add some code to get the date from the helios but currently i am not able to get the value. I got an exception while setting the register to read.
I just want to get the current code running before change the Modbus libraries and so one, but currently it does not work and i currently have no idea. Maybe one of the developers who know something about the modbus connection is able to sind me a tip why the connectino currently fails.
This version is miles away from a version who is able to use for a normal user. But i just want to give you an update and send a alive message. I also have a runnig system meanwhile so i am able to test the code.
Thank you very much. Now i am able to read all the values with the current implementation. I have seen pull request, next step will be change the code in that way. Now i have a running impmenentation and now it will be easier to find an error.
Btw, please note that helios-based-on-modbus2-transport is already obsolete. The latest Modbus binding and transport code can be found from modbus-openhab2-native-binding branch. I suggest you build Helios binding on top of that branch, using the transport bundle. Prepare to rebase your changes on top of my changes if necessary.
Please note that the new transport contains the implementations for requests, previously my example included implementation for WriteTask. Check all the public implementations and interfaces from source code: java/org/openhab/io/transport/modbus.
The vehicle color code will list the paint color exactly so finding it is important. In order toguarantee the accuracy of a color, paint should be ordered based on the color code. Learn where to locate yourColor Identification Plate .
If the checkpoint is too old, there are theoretical attacks that can trick nodes into following the wrong chain. Acquiring a weak subjectivity checkpoint is out of band for the protocol. Our approach with Helios provides an initial checkpoint hardcoded into the codebase (which can easily be overridden); it then saves the most recent finalized blockhash locally to use as the checkpoint in the future, whenever the node is synced.
To sort data on the DAQ (local) Computer (anldaqrouter):First go to the working analysis directory, then start sorting process on run of interest (ok to do this on run that is currently taking data). This will do a number of different things: 1) it will first run the GEBMerge program (GEBSort director) to combine and timesort all raw data and outputs to the merged file. Then it will run GEBSort (GEBSort directory) which is the event builder and outputs to a .root file. Finally, it runs the TSelector GeneralSort.C (sort_codes directory) which passes the raw data into the human-readable names, e.g., xf, xn, e, etc...A copy of this file is placed in the ../root_data/ director (gen_run#.root). The most recent gen.root file is also in the working directory.
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