Core Java Handwritten Notes
Kenneth Melniczek
Basic psychological principles can guide you as a UX designer because most users share many common characteristics. Consider learning more about: motivation, attention, memory, persuasion, learning, decision making, emotion, sensation, perception, or cognitive biases.
Individuals often modify their behavior if they know they are being observed. That phenomenon became known as the Hawthorne effect or the observer bias. We can mitigate this effect by building rapport, designing natural tasks, and spending more time with study participants.
Users don't work hard enough to discover how to use your design in the intended manner. Bad user! But really, they're just prioritizing their own time and interests and behaving the way evolution made people.
People have very limited ability to keep information in their working memory while performing tasks, so user interfaces should be designed accordingly: to minimize memory load. One way of doing so is to offload items to external memory by showing them on the screen.
The user experience field will see dramatic changes over the next 3 decades, driven by trends in demographics and the world economy. We will end up like the Little Mermaid. (This was Jakob Nielsen's UX Conference keynote.)
Aesthetically pleasing designs can provide memorable experiences that differentiate a brand. However, interfaces should only include necessary elements, with high informational value. Clarity will always win over visual flourish.
The file system has been a trusted part of most computers for many years, and will likely continue as such in operating systems for many more. However, several emerging trends in user interfaces indicate that the basic file-system model is inadequate to fully satisfy the needs of new users, despite the flexibility of the underlying code and data structures.Originally published as: Nielsen, J. (1996). The impending demise of file systems. IEEE Software 13, 2 (March).
Multimedia is gaining popularity on the Web with several technologies to support use of animation, video, and audio to supplement the traditional media of text and images. These new media provide more design options but also require design discipline. Unconstrained use of multimedia results in user interfaces that confuse users and make it harder for them to understand the information. Not every webpage needs to bombard the user with the equivalent of Times Square in impressions and movement.
Many users of the World Wide Web are unaware of the rich history of the hypertext field, and those who do not understand history are often doomed to repeat it. Case in point, the release of the Java language and the HotJava browser will probably mimic the events that followed the introduction of Hypercard in 1987.
Chapter 8 from Jakob Nielsen's book, Multimedia and Hypertext: The Internet and Beyond, explores a variety of information retrieval strategies for dealing with the ever-increasing volume of information on the internet.
Chapter 3 from Jakob Nielsen's book, Multimedia and Hypertext, describes the major milestones for hypertext, the internet, and the world wide web, including Vannevar Bush's Memex and Doug Engelbart's landmark demo of the online system (NLS.)
Usability inspection is the generic name for a set of methods that are all based on having evaluators inspect a user interface. Typically, usability inspection is aimed at finding usability problems in the design, though some methods also address issues like the severity of the usability problems and the overall usability of an entire system.
A summary of statistics for 13 usability laboratories in 1994, an introduction to the main uses of usability laboratories in usability engineering, and survey of some of the issues related to practical use of user testing and computer-aided usability engineering.
This essay describes a technique for extending a task analysis based on the principle of goal composition. Basically, goal composition starts by considering each primary goal that the user may have when using the system. A list of possible additional features is then generated by combining each of these goals with a set of general meta-goals that extend the primary goals.
Several new user interface technologies and interaction principles seem to define a new generation of user interfaces that will move off the flat screen and into the physical world to some extent. Many of these next-generation interfaces will not have the user control the computer through commands, but will have the computer adapt the dialogue to the user's needs based on its inferences from observing the user. This article defines twelve dimensions across which future user interfaces may differ from the canonical window systems of today: User focus, the computer's role, interface control, syntax, object visibility, interaction stream, bandwidth, tracking feedback, interface locus, user programming, and software packaging. Nielsen, J. (1993). Noncommand user interfaces. Communications of the ACM 36, 4 (April), 83-99.
A user test of handwritten input on a pen machine achieved a 1.6% recognition error rate at the character level, corresponding to 8.8% errors on the word level. Input speed was 10 words per minute. In spite of the recognition errors, information retrieval of the handwritten notes was almost as good as retrieval of perfect text.
The concept of direct manipulation is usually viewed as a single characteristic of a class of interaction styles. Here, direct manipulation is analyzed according to a detailed layered interaction model, showing that it has quite different effects on the dialogue on the different levels. In particular, the "no errors" claim may be true at the syntax level but not at several of the levels above or below that level. Furthermore, a unified framework is presented for conceptualizing Direct Manipulation, What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG), Transparency, Immediate Command Specification, Arcticulatory Directness, and Computational Appliances according to a layered interaction view.
Decibel Products introduced the first member of its new line of RXMC products, the DB7300 series Rx MultiCoupler. The new product provides four to 16 channels of receiver in one antenna input, the company said, and can cover the band from 30 to 512 MHz. It comes with 115 VAC, 220 VAC or 13-15 VDC input options and weighs about six pounds. The company said the next product in its new line will be the DB7400, which will cover the 800 to 915 MHz range.
Nokia Corp. unveiled its new IP110 platform for corporate satellite offices, which the company said simplifies security policy processes and hardware/software integration problems. The new platform features Check Point VPN-1/FireWall-1 protection and supports a suite of Internet protocol routing protocols and remote management capabilities, the company said. The IP110 comes with three 10/100 Ethernet ports and is desktop or wall mountable. www.nokia.com.
SiGEM Inc. released its new ePiNG Emerald, a mobile data terminal that the company said will allow fleet managers to track vehicles and communicate with drivers through a display screen. The ePiNG Emerald will advance integration of global positioning systems and wireless technologies, the company said. The new product features a compact design, and its display and keypad will allow drivers to send and receive text messages. In addition, the Emerald has serial ports for printers, credit cards or debit card pin pads, the company said. www.sigem.com.
Airbiquity Inc. introduced a retrofittable wireless phone accessory with global positioning system and wireless data transmission technology. The GPS accessory attaches to Nokia 5100, 6100 and 7100-series wireless phones, providing them with the ability to send and receive location-sensitive information, the company said. (206) 842-9262.
Motorola Inc. released its newest StarCore-based digital signal processor product, the MSC8102. The company said the new product integrates four 300 MHz sc140 extended cores and 11.5 Megabits of on-chip memory to deliver 4800 Million Multiply Accumulates per Second of performance. The MSC8102 will allow developers to create next-generation networking products that offer more channel densities while maintaining system flexibility, scalability and upgradability, the company said. The product is designed to support up to 8 ADSL channels, more than 60 universal channels, more than 80 compressed voice channels with 64 millisecond carrier class echo cancellation, and up to 600 noncompressed voice channels. It has 300 MHz EFCOPs, 1436 Kilobytes of on-chip SRAM, dual external industry-standard PowerPC buses, and four independent Time Division Multiplex Interfaces. www.motorola.com.
Ecrio Inc. announced it has developed a wireless instant messaging application for General Packet Radio Service phones. The company said its Rich Instant Messaging Platform enables users to send handwritten notes, drawings, images and text to and from any Internet-enabled wireless or desktop device, including short message service and WAP-enabled phones, Palm OS or Windows CE devices and desktop computers. Ecrio demonstrated the new technology with Omnitel Pronto Italia at a recent conference. (408) 366-7900.
NowSpeed Inc., which offers device-independent wireless e-mail, released the new Enterprise Edition of its Mobile Email Portal, which the company said gives businesses a turnkey solution to deploying secure e-mail services to their mob
ile workers. The Mobile Email Portal allows instant access to corporate-quality e-mail through wireless devices, such as personal digital assistants, browser-enabled phones and pagers. The Enterprise Edition features support for Lotus Notes, Microsoft Exchange, IMAP4 and POP3. It is completely secure, automatically synchronizes e-mail messages across all devices, and has personalized notification of new e-mail, according to the company. NowSpeed said Cyrk, a marketing company, and Natural MicroSystems, a developer and supplier of hardware and software, have signed up to use the Enterprise Edition. (508) 879-2700.