Falcon 3d Model

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Sergei Chime

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Aug 3, 2024, 4:40:08 PM8/3/24
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In this blog, we will be taking a deep dive into the Falcon models: first discussing what makes them unique and then showcasing how easy it is to build on top of them (inference, quantization, finetuning, and more) with tools from the Hugging Face ecosystem.

The Falcon family is composed of two base models: Falcon-40B and its little brother Falcon-7B. The 40B parameter model was at the top of the Open LLM Leaderboard at the time of its release, while the 7B model was the best in its weight class.

Another interesting feature of the Falcon models is their use of multiquery attention. The vanilla multihead attention scheme has one query, key, and value per head; multiquery instead shares one key and value across all heads.

Under the hood, this playground uses Hugging Face's Text Generation Inference, a scalable Rust, Python, and gRPC server for fast & efficient text generation. It's the same technology that powers HuggingChat.

The video shows a lightweight app that leverages a Swift library for the heavy lifting: model loading, tokenization, input preparation, generation, and decoding. We are busy building this library to empower developers to integrate powerful LLMs in all types of applications without having to reinvent the wheel. It's still a bit rough, but we can't wait to share it with you. Meanwhile, you can download the Core ML weights from the repo and explore them yourself!

Running the 40B model is challenging because of its size: it doesn't fit in a single A100 with 80 GB of RAM. Loading in 8-bit mode, it is possible to run in about 45 GB of RAM, which fits in an A6000 (48 GB) but not in the 40 GB version of the A100. This is how you'd do it:

If you have multiple cards and accelerate installed, you can take advantage of device_map="auto" to automatically distribute the model layers across various cards. It can even offload some layers to the CPU if necessary, but this will impact inference speed.

Since v0.8.2, Text Generation Inference supports Falcon 7b and 40b models natively without relying on the Transformers"trust remote code" feature, allowing for airtight deployments and security audits. In addition, the Falcon implementation includes custom CUDA kernels to significantly decrease end-to-end latency.

For 40B models, you will need to deploy on "GPU [xlarge] - 1x Nvidia A100" and activate quantization: Advanced configuration -> Serving Container -> Int-8 Quantization. Note: You might need to request a quota upgrade via email to api-ent...@huggingface.co

So how good are the Falcon models? An in-depth evaluation from the Falcon authors will be released soon, so in the meantime we ran both the base and instruct models through our open LLM benchmark. This benchmark measures both the reasoning capabilities of LLMs and their ability to provide truthful answers across the following domains:

As noted by Thomas Wolf, one surprisingly insight here is that the 40B models were pretrained on around half the compute needed for LLaMa 65B (2800 vs 6300 petaflop days), which suggests we haven't quite hit the limits of what's "optimal" for LLM pretraining.

For the 7B models, we see that the base model is better than llama-7b and edges out MosaicML's mpt-7b to become the current best pretrained LLM at this scale. A shortlist of popular models from the leaderboard is reproduced below for comparison:

Training 10B+ sized models can be technically and computationally challenging. In this section we look at the tools available in the Hugging Face ecosystem to efficiently train extremely large models on simple hardware and show how to fine-tune the Falcon-7b on a single NVIDIA T4 (16GB - Google Colab).

Let's see how we can train Falcon on the Guanaco dataset a high-quality subset of the Open Assistant dataset consisting of around 10,000 dialogues. With the PEFT library we can use the recent QLoRA approach to fine-tune adapters that are placed on top of the frozen 4-bit model. You can learn more about the integration of 4-bit quantized models in this blog post.

Because just a tiny fraction of the model is trainable when using Low Rank Adapters (LoRA), both the number of learned parameters and the size of the trained artifact are dramatically reduced. As shown in the screenshot below, the saved model has only 65MB for the 7B parameters model (15GB in float16).

More specifically, after selecting the target modules to adapt (in practice the query / key layers of the attention module), small trainable linear layers are attached close to these modules as illustrated below). The hidden states produced by the adapters are then added to the original states to get the final hidden state.

Once trained, there is no need to save the entire model as the base model was kept frozen. In addition, it is possible to keep the model in any arbitrary dtype (int8, fp4, fp16, etc.) as long as the output hidden states from these modules are casted to the same dtype as the ones from the adapters - this is the case for bitsandbytes modules (Linear8bitLt and Linear4bit ) that return hidden states with the same dtype as the original unquantized module.

We fine-tuned the two variants of the Falcon models (7B and 40B) on the Guanaco dataset. We fine-tuned the 7B model on a single NVIDIA-T4 16GB, and the 40B model on a single NVIDIA A100 80GB. We used 4bit quantized base models and the QLoRA method, as well as the recent SFTTrainer from the TRL library.

Falcon is an exciting new large language model which can be used for commercial applications. In this blog post we showed its capabilities, how to run it in your own environment and how easy to fine-tune on custom data within in the Hugging Face ecosystem. We are excited to see what the community will build with it!

The Star Wars models are known for their weathered and worn appearance. This was in stark contrast to the squeaky-clean appearance of most science fiction ships up to that time, and lent an air of authenticity to the production. The weathering and chipping techniques on display are worthy of note for all modelers regardless of subject matter. The model was constructed making extensive use of components taken from plastic kits of the time, if you look closely at the details some of these parts may seem familiar!

I am currently using Falcon model (falcon 7b instruct). Its performance is quite satisfactory. But my question is that can we use this model somehow for creating the embedding of any text document like sentence transformers or text-embedding-ada from OpenAI?
Or this model is purely for text generation which means it cannot be used for text embedding purposes?

I am a bit unsure here but the issue may either be with the Falcon tokenizer pad/eos confusion or worse feature-extraction pipeline compatibility. As much as I know falcon does not output embedding directly or trained as a sentence transformer. A bypass I am trying now, is to follow the sequence classification pipeline and take the feature from the eos token instead of passing it to dense classifier layers.

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