Because it's not a default theme, I think this will take a bit of custom work, but nothing too crazy.
The first thing to note is that jupyter uses codemirror for syntax highlighting and creates an "ipython" theme in its CSS:
However, highlighting in nbconvert is handled by pygments, that means you can't use codemirror CSS directly. That's fine since you wanted this for LaTeX export, and not HTML export (for that, see
https://github.com/jupyter/nbconvert/issues/447).
Ok that should be enough to get you started, though I'm sure there are other areas where you'll run into friction.
What you learn may able to be put to use elsewhere :), in the docs if not the core code itself.