The 25th revised edition of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics continues to maintain its status as an up-to-date, accurate and reliable text for medical students as well as practicing physicians. The advances in molecular biology have significantly influenced the understanding of pathogenesis of diseases and development of newer drugs. The real challenge, however, remains in application of the available information while treating a patient. This book has always placed before the readers an integrated approach intertwining current knowledge of pathophysiology of the disease, pharmacology of available drugs and strategies for medical management of diseases. The current edition balances the complexity and simplicity of scientific content to provide students of medicine and/or pharmacy an insight into rational therapeutics. It gives several practical tips which empowers the physician to treat patients effectively and confidently.
Written in an integrated fashion, Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics builds up a strong foundation of scientific knowledge to guide decision making and to promote a holistic approach towards patient care in clinical practice.
The Medical Council of India (MCI) has introduced a competency-based curriculum in 2019, which not only lays emphasis on integration with clinical and pre-clinical subjects but also clearly states subject competencies and defines domains and levels to be achieved for each of them. In addition, it is clinically oriented and gives due importance to the self-directed learning. The duration of teaching for the subject of Pharmacology in the new curriculum has been reduced to one year with additional dedicated time to revisit it in the subsequent years. This 26th edition of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics has been revised considerably to match the demands of the new curriculum.
Right from its conception, this book has used an integrated approach intertwining current knowledge of pathophysiology of the disease, pharmacology of available drugs and strategies for medical management of diseases. We have made every attempt to provide up-to-date information about the drugs while focussing on the aspects relevant to their use in clinical practice.
In addition to including new matter in this edition, the authors have pruned it of obsolete material in order to make it crisp and readable. To the authors, "new" does not mean that which has merely been mentioned in the recent literature, but that which has reached the stage of peer acceptance and practical utility. New figures and summary tables have been added to permit easy understanding of the subject; and the matter has been re-arranged in several places in order to bring it in line with the current concepts about the concerned topics. The authors have attempted to maintain the standard of information in the book at a level suitable to a wide readership, for they are aware that it is read and referred to by medical, dental and pharmacy students and teachers, by medical practitioners and by students of alternative medicine. Therapeutic applications and discussions are presented in such a way as to provide a better understanding of the subject and stimulate further the therapeutic capability of the students. The time frame for teaching the new MBBS curriculum in anatomy, physiology and biochemistry in India has been reduced to two terms; as a result, the MBBS students may often start learning pharmacology with inadequate background in those subjects. It is hoped that the background information on pathophysiology appearing throughout the book will help the whole range of students to understand the rational use of drugs more easily. The cost of medical services in India is increasing day by day. This book has consistently emphasized the cost-effectiveness of drugs while prescribing in daily practice. Prescribing a new drug such as a COX2 inhibitor instead of paracetamol, or a cephalosporin in place of co-trimoxazole is not justified. Similarly, discarding the old drugs, which have stood the test of time in favour of newer agents with marginal benefits and at a much higher cost, merely because they are promoted heavily is highly improper. For when that happens, patient compliance is likely to be poor, and the patient may remain treated inadequately or get no treatment at all. We earnestly believe that this aspect of drug therapy needs to be emphasized during therapeutic discussions with the students. This is all the more important now that the Indian market is being flooded with so called new drugs, many of which are only old wine in new bottle. There are over 70,000 formulations available in India as against about 350 drugs suggested by the WHO essential drugs list. Many of them are expensive and me-too. There are many look-alike and sound-alike formulations that can result in the wrong formulation being prescribed or supplied; and ultimately, it is the patient who suffers. Good pharmacotherapy is based on "What is generally known as the five rights: right drug, right dose, right route, right time and right patient" (Mehta S. and Gogatay NJ, J. Postgrad, Med. 51 (1): 3, 2005). "Irrational prescribing habit is difficult to cure; however, prevention is possible". This can be best achieved by proper grooming of the young minds at the undergraduate level. This is what "pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics" is all about.
II. DRUGS ACTING ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM:
3. General Considerations
4. Aliphatic Alcohols
5. General Anaesthetics
6. Sedatives, Hypnotics and Pharmacotherapy of Sleep Disorders
7. Drugs Effective in Convulsive Disorders
8. Opioid Analgesic
9. Analgesic-Antipyretics and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAIDs)
10. Central Nervous System Stimulants
11. Psychopharmacology
12. Drug Therapy of Parkinsonism and Other Degenerative Disorders of the CNS
IV. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM:
14. General Considerations
15. Adrenergic and Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
16. Cholinergic Drugs
17. Muscarinic Receptor Blocking Drugs
18. Ganglion Stimulating and Blocking Drugs
19. Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
VII. CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS:
25. Pharmacotherapy of Cardiac Arrhythmias
26. Vasodilator Drugs and Pharmacotherapy of Angina Pectoris
27. Pharmacotherapy of Hypertension
28. Pharmacotherapy of Heart Failure
29. Pharmacotherapy of Shock
VIII. DRUGS ACTING ON BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS:
30. Drugs and Blood Coagulation
31. Drugs Effective in Iron Deficiency and Other Related Anemias
32. Drugs Effective in Megaloblastic Anemias and Neutropenia
33. Drug Induced Blood Dyscrasias
Section IX: Water, Electrolytes and Drugs Affecting Renal Functions
34. Water, Sodium, Potassi