I did set up Julia in a docker container. When I run it from the shell everything works just fine. However, when I start the shell inside of emacs, I can run the docker container and start Julia, but it somehow messes with the output:

Running Julia in docker containers would allow me to easily share different Julia releases / package environments across multiple computers. In principle, IJulia / jupyter / beaker notebook / JuliaBox allow me to interactively work with Julia inside of a docker container. However, I am still searching for a way to conveniently edit .jl source files in an interactive way, which is why I hope to succeed in setting it up with emacs.
Any suggestions on how this problem could be fixed? Or is it a pure emacs problem and I should point it out on the emacs mailing list?