Continuing help needed on coal in Jules Verne novels

[quentin skrabec]

thanks so much over the past 18 months for helping me work through chardon and houille used in Verne novels   in search of the mystery of the Lincoln Island furnace. i feel i resolved the chardon vs hoville for coal 

but working on a loophole issue  ( maybe an necessary journey in a deep rabbit hole) but i want  to be sure of whether coal or charcoal was used in Verne's Catalan furnace.

The issue is anthracite coal

1. Anthracite is the same word in French as English - I can only find its use in Journey to the Center of Earth,  where Verne lumps it into types of fossilized carbon- do you know of other uses of the word by Verne?

yet Verne seems to have had knowledge of its importance and quality in 1870s iron making in America, such as his iron making source for his moon cannon (Cold Springs Foundry)

2. Anthracite appears to have limited use to signify coal in French before 1900?when it started to be used as a term for industrial coal??????

3. Is anthracite used more for the color of charcoal?

4. Anthracite could be found in Europe and was used in some early South Wales iron making, but the term is linked to the hard coal type of America. (Actually, the French word itself is much older)

5. I have found a Scientific American article on imported anthracite being used in experimental French in the late 1870s. Anthracite was used as a French adjective-Chardon anthracite?

i know this search of mine probably interests few but key to a production of coal in iron making--- all comments would be appreciated 

Quentin 

[Marie-Hélène Huet]

Hi Quentin, I was interested by your question about anthractite and I attach a few notes from the Grand Dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle by Pierre Larousse (from the 1^st vol published in 1866). The article is pretty long and a google translation might give you more details than the  notes I took.

But clearly, the role of anthracite in metallurgy was well-known before 1866, as a form of coal appropriate for metallurgic process but not for domestic use. The article adds information about anthracit deposits (in France, some European countries, Britain and the United States). 

There is an adjective form: anthraciteux/se, but the black color of anthracite, anthracoïde is only used in medicine.

I hope this is of help!

 

Marie-Hélène 

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Subject: [JVF] Continuing help needed on coal in Jules Verne novels

 

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[quentin skrabec]

Thank you so much Quent

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[quentin skrabec]

Thank you so much- Quent

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[quentin skrabec]

Thanks again - made copy Grand Dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle

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