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Indonesia has blocked online blogging service Tumblr over pornographic content, the government said Tuesday, in Jakarta's latest crackdown on obscenity. googletag.cmd.push(function() googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1449240174198-2'); ); The government of the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation blocked Tumblr on Monday, saying the New York-based company had not replied to its February letter demanding that pornographic content be scrubbed from the platform within 48 hours.The ministry of technology and information said it had received multiple reports about obscene content on the microblogging and social networking website, which has about 400 million blogs on its service globally."After investigating, we found at least 360 Tumblr accounts contained pornographic content," ministry spokesman Noor Iza told AFP.Tumblr could not immediately be reached for comment.Jakarta in 2016 threatened to block Tumblr's service in the country of 260 million but did not follow through on the threat.The ministry on Tuesday said Tumblr would be accessible again once the company complied with the government's order.The shutdown was met with anger by some internet users."Those 360 accounts are less than one percent" of the total users, one said on Twitter."It's like burning an entire forest just to kill one worm. You might as well block Google."Indonesia brought in a tough anti-pornography law in 2008 that criminalises any work deemed obscene.It blocked popular video-sharing website Vimeo in 2014 after accusing it of hosting pornographic content.Last November the government threatened to ban social network Facebook and messaging app WhatsApp unless the platforms removed obscene Graphics Interchange Format material from their services.This year Google pulled Blued, one of the world's largest gay dating apps, from the Indonesian version of its online store in response to government demands. 2018 AFP
Islamic parties said the law was needed to protect women and children against exploitation and to curb increasing immorality in Indonesian society.The law would ban images, gestures or talk deemed to be pornographic.Artists, women's groups and non-Muslim minorities said they could be victimised under the law and that traditional practices could be banned.The law has prompted protests across Indonesia, but particularly on the predominantly Hindu island of Bali - a favourite destination for tourists.But there have also been demonstrations in favour of the bill by people alarmed at what they see as moral degeneration in Indonesia.The law has been backed by hardline Islamic groups, says the BBC's Lucy Williamson in Jakarta, but many moderate Muslims also back greater controls on pornographic materials.About 90% of Indonesia's 235 million people are Muslim, but there are Christian, Hindu, Buddhist and other minorities.Extensive rewritesAn original version of the bill would have banned skimpy clothing at tourist resorts.Despite a lengthy and exhaustive revision process which watered down the bill, more than 100 legislators walked out of parliament before the vote.They said the bill's definition of pornography was too broad and that it went against Indonesia's tradition of diversity.Many Muslims back greater controls of pornographic materialCritics also do not like a provision in the bill that would allow members of the public to participate in preventing the spread of obscenity."We're worried it will be used by hard-liners who say they want to control morality," Baby Jim Aditya, a women's rights activist, told Associated Press news agency."It could be used to divide communities."Supporters of the bill said it still leaves room for legitimate artistic expression and that it does not target non-Muslims."This law will ensure that Islam is preserved and guaranteed," said Hakim Sori Muda Borhan, a member of parliament from President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's Democratic Party."It is also not in the interest of any specific religion. The law is also meant to preserve arts and culture and not destroy them."The bill must be signed by the president before it comes into effect.Violators face up to 12 years in prison and hefty fines.
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The Act Number 44 of 2008 on Pornography (Indonesian: Undang-Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2008 Tentang Pornografi),[1] commonly known as Pornography Law (Undang-Undang Pornografi), is a law in Indonesia on pornography which was passed on 30 October 2008. It was proposed as the Bill against Pornography and Porno-Action (Indonesian: Rancangan Undang-Undang Anti Pornografi dan Pornoaksi), sometimes translated as Bill against Pornography and Pornographic Acts, by the Indonesian legislative assembly, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, on 14 February 2006. The bill was passed into an act on 30 October 2008.[1]
In 2010 the anti-pornography law was challenged but Indonesia's Constitutional Court upheld the ban and stated that the law's definition of pornography was clear and did not violate the constitution.[3]
When United States Supreme Court justice Potter Stewart tried to rein in the courts' inconsistent definitions of obscenity and pornography, he famously skirted an attempt to provide a concrete definition of what's obscene and instead declared "I know it when I see it."
Today, 53 years later and some 10,000 miles away, the same battle is playing out in Indonesia in a very different way. The country decided to implement laws banning the possession, distribution, and production of pornography in 2008 after much heated debate. But Indonesian lawmakers also included provisions outlawing pornoaksi ("porn action," in English) in the bill, deciding to clamp down any "actions deemed indecent."
But how, critics asked, do you define indecency? The bill's pornoaksi clause opened the door to the prosecution of anything deemed indecent by officials, including, but not limited to, strip clubs, miniskirts, and traditional dances. Indonesian authorities seem to "know it when they see it," and "see it everywhere," too.
Especially when it comes to the country's increasingly persecuted LGBTQ community. In late May, Jakarta police raided a gay sauna in the neighborhood of Kelapa Gading, arresting 141 men and charging at least ten under the anti-pornography law. The reason? "There were gay people who were caught strip-teasing and masturbating on the scene," Jakarta police spokesman Raden Argo Yuwono told BBC Indonesia.
It was a similar story earlier in the month when police in Surabaya raided a so-called gay party being held in two hotel rooms. They arrested 14 men, charging eight with violation of the pornography law after officers caught the men engaging in "deviant sexual acts" and watching gay porn.
Amnesty International has urged the central government to re-address the long-standing concerns with the pornography law and put a stop to the raids of hotels, underground gay clubs, saunas, and private residences.
"The Indonesian government must revise its pornography laws so that they cannot be misused in this way," said Josef Benedict, Amnesty International's deputy director of campaigns. "Rather than peddling blatantly homophobic rhetoric, the authorities should focus [their] efforts on creating a safer, inclusive environment for the LGBT community in the long term."
The Constitutional Court ruled against efforts to overturn the bill in 2010, deciding that the definition of "pornography" as basically anything that was disseminated "through various mass media or public displays that can arouse sexual desires and/or violate public moral values" was clear enough.
The court's lone female judge, Maria Farida Indrati, offered the dissenting opinion, stating that "the law could lead to public judgments among the people because of different definitions of the term 'pornography.'"
A legal expert likened the pornography bill's unparalleled reach to that of a totalitarian state at the time of the Constitutional Court challenge. Airlangga University lecturer Jeoni Arianto argued that the law was "a clear attempt to standardize the moral values of our society. But one's morality depends on their values and culture, and therefore it's impossible to set a sweeping generalization when it comes to it."
It's a debate that continues today. The pornography bill is still vaguely worded and open to interpretation, making it ripe for misuse or overreach by authorities reacting to a rise in public pressure to crack down on certain individuals deemed a threat to the nation's morality.
"The pornography law still doesn't have a strict definition," Komarudin said. "Its implementation is also very subjective and susceptible of being misused. It's still up for debate today whether private lives should be subject to criminalization."
Indonesia's controversial new anti-pornography bill is drawing some criticism in the moderate Muslim nation. In its current form, the bill cracks down on adult books and films. But it also targets many forms of social behavior, such as kissing in public and how women dress.
Indonesia's parliament is considering a new anti-pornography bill. A bill that would, in its current form, clamp down not just on pornography, but on social behavior in the world's most populous Muslim nation.
It's not too hard to figure out why some people here feel the need to clamp down on pornography. In central Jakarta's (unintelligible) neighborhood, hardcore porn is cheap and plentiful and the vendors highly motivated.
Mr. H. SHAFIANCHA (United Development Party, Indonesia): (Through Translator) Pornography is one thing that needs to be strictly regretted, because it is against our ethics and against our culture. That's why we need this law to help guide society, and to make sure our children are not exposed to or influenced by pornographic material.
SULLIVAN: But it's not quite that simple, because the bill also clamps down on what Indonesians call porno-oxy(ph), roughly translated as pornographic action. If the bill passes in its current form, this mean that women wearing clothing deemed too revealing could face a fine or jail term, or both. Couples caught kissing in public could face the same fate.
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