If they are on different levels - it will be a bit easier. You can even use the jstree "data" function option (basically this is the load_node functionality, it just does not have to come from an AJAX call).
If they are on the same level it would be a bit harder. You can always do a for loop and use "create_node" for each new node, but keep in mind it will be slow.
There are other options too - calling load_node and returning the whole 200 nodes, etc.
If it is paging you are after - that will be harder, you'd be better off packaging it as a plugin, and looking and the _load_node, _append_json_data, _parse_model_from_json functions for examples on how to populate data in the model.
Why do you need such functionality - 200 nodes are not that many - jstree won't choke on that. If it is some sort of external script adding new data - simply refresh the instance and return the new data as a whole (200 nodes).