It looks like there is a problem with SSL handshake between the JDBC driver and MSSQL database, you can enable SSL debugging by adding the next line to system.properties file (lives in "bin" folder of your JMeter installation)
javax.net.debug=allAs a workaround you can add encrypt=false parameter to your JDBC URL so the connection would be plaintext, the error should go away, however if you're testing the database your setup should be as close to the production as possible so I would rather recommend checking out what's going on with the secure communications.