...surfaces. The stability and control characteristics of the aircraft were, of course, related to the floating angles of these surfaces as the angles of attack and sideslip of the aircraft varied. The characteristics of the aircraft and the effectiveness of the control system can be judged by the comments of a modern pilot who has flown a replica of the E-III. The late Frank Tallman in his book Flying the Old Planes (ref. 110) says ". . . the major flight characteristic ever present is the feeling that if you took your hands off the stick or your feet off of the rudders, the Eindecker would turn itself inside out or literally swap ends." He also indicates that the all-moving surfaces continually hunted back and forth with an attendant feedback into the pilot's hands and feet. These characteristics describe an aircraft that by modern standards would be considered unpleasant to fly, would be unlicensable, and certainly would inspire little confidence in the mind of the pilot.
[14]...and propeller were simply mounted behind the pilot, which allowed an unobstructed forward field of fire. Several pusher-type aircraft were developed. Typical of this design concept was the DeHavilland DH-2 shown in figure 2.3, designed by Geoffery DeHavilland for the Aircraft Manufacturing Company (AIRCO). The photograph depicts a strut-and-wire-braced, double-bay biplane employing thin, untapered wings. (A brief description of biplane terminology is contained in appendix D.) A small nacelle situated on the bottom wing contained the pilot's cockpit and gun in the forward portion and the 100-horsepower Gnome Monosoupape rotary engine in the pusher position in the rear. The horizontal and vertical tail surfaces were mounted behind the engine on an arrangement of four strut-and-wire-braced outriggers, or booms, which extended rearward from the wings. Cutouts in the trailing edges of the upper and lower wings provided clearance for the rotating propeller, which had four blades to minimize the extent of the cutouts and reduce the required spacing of the outriggers. The smaller diameter four-blade propeller, as compared with a two-blade propeller capable of absorbing the same power, also reduced the length of the landing gear.
...covered a portion of the guns, which gave the fuselage a humped appearance when viewed from the side. This hump coupled with the large dihedral angle of the lower wing and the flat upper wing are allegedly responsible for the name "Camel." The aircraft first began combat operations in July 1917 and was a front-line combat aircraft until the armistice in November 1918. Camels accounted for the destruction of more enemy aircraft than any other Allied fighter of the war - a total of 1294. Production of the Camel amounted to 5490 aircraft.
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