Yes and no. No, nothing specific to pipeline springs to my mind for this.
But yes, is very easy to use system Groovy script to, for instance, find the recent builds that failed in less than 5 seconds.
Something like (untested, on the phone):
Jenkins.instance.allItems
.findAll { it instanceof SomeProject, filter what you want }
.collect { it.builds }
.flatten()
.findAll { it.state = failed && it.duration < 5000 }
Beware that the code above is totally untested and partly pseudo code, so you need to complete it.
Sure ask again if you can't get it finished.
Cheers