You can either define it as a property on the Java command line that starts your Jenkins controller or you can set it from a system groovy script during Jenkins startup.
As a command line property, the command line would look like this:
# Set to DISABLED
java -Djenkins.branch.WorkspaceLocatorImpl.MODE=DISABLED -jar jenkins.war
# Set to MULTIBRANCH_ONLY
java -Djenkins.branch.WorkspaceLocatorImpl.MODE=MULTIBRANCH_ONLY -jar jenkins.war
# Set to ENABLED
java -Djenkins.branch.WorkspaceLocatorImpl.MODE=ENABLED -jar jenkins.war
As a system groovy init script, create a file in the JENKINS_HOME directory init.groovy.d/branch-api.groovy and use this text
import jenkins.branch.WorkspaceLocatorImpl.Mode
jenkins.branch.WorkspaceLocatorImpl.MODE = Mode.ENABLED
Mark Waite