So it's now working with no changes that I can tell other than possibly restarting Jenkins.
I went to install the Setenv plugin, found it was deprecated in favor of the "Environment Inject" plugin then noticed a new version of Jenkins (1.495) so I installed the Environment Inject plugin, downloaded and deployed the new Jenkins version and amongst the changes ended up restarting Jenkins.
When I went to configure the EnvInject plugin, I remembered the maven command "help:system" that dumps the current environment so I added that to the maven command line to verify the current settings and noticed that JAVA_HOME was pointing to the correct JDK and the build succeeded. I then removed the EnvInject plugin, restarted Jenkins and the build still worked.
I noticed that the difference between the failed build and the good build included this line:
BAD BUILD:
[MyService (trunk)] $ java -Xmx512m -XX:MaxPermSize=128m -cp /home/adminuser/.jenkins-slave/maven3-agent.jar:/home/adminuser/.jenkins-slave/tools/Maven/Maven_3.0.4/boot/plexus-classworlds-2.4.jar org.jvnet.hudson.maven3.agent.Maven3Main /home/adminuser/.jenkins-slave/tools/Maven/Maven_3.0.4 /home/adminuser/.jenkins-slave/slave.jar /home/adminuser/.jenkins-slave/maven3-interceptor.jar 39025
GOOD BUILD:
[MyService (trunk)] $ /home/adminuser/.jenkins-slave/tools/hudson.model.JDK/Sun_JDK_6u37/bin/java -Xmx512m -XX:MaxPermSize=128m -cp /home/adminuser/.jenkins-slave/maven3-agent.jar:/home/adminuser/.jenkins-slave/tools/hudson.tasks.Maven_MavenInstallation/Maven_3.0.4/boot/plexus-classworlds-2.4.jar org.jvnet.hudson.maven3.agent.Maven3Main /home/adminuser/.jenkins-slave/tools/hudson.tasks.Maven_MavenInstallation/Maven_3.0.4 /home/adminuser/.jenkins-slave/slave.jar /home/adminuser/.jenkins-slave/maven3-interceptor.jar 52348
I don't understand why it started using the right JDK other than the restart (or update) forced something.
Thanks for the help. Next time I'll restart Jenkins before freaking out! :-)