I don't see why polling via a workspace should be required. 'git ls-remote' is sufficient to determine branch names and SHA1s, and thus to determine if there are any changes to build. And in any case, there will be no workspace, since all builds on lightweight docker containers, torn down immediately after every build.
It's pretty lousy UX that several options seem to imply the need for a workspace (yes, I understand this may be required to do 'advanced' processing, but not in my usecase) - which may never ever exist, resulting in mysterious (because the config page never mentions this) build everything over and again behaviour.
On the project type: that's not that simple, as we rely on the artifact information stored by Jenkins against the build in the maven project type. But yes, I've never understood why there's a "native/integrated maven build" type - which can invoke maven precisely once- rather than a "native/integrated maven build step".