I have recently the same issue with a plugin I am developing, some of the libraries I use do not support Java 8 anymore so the plugin will work only on Jenkins instances running on JDK 11+. The change of the java.level to 11 will not work directly you have to overwrite some of the configurations that the parent pom made, this is the build config changes you will need.
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>${java.level}</source>
<target>${java.level}</target>
<testSource>${java.level}</testSource>
<testTarget>${java.level}</testTarget>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>animal-sniffer-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<signature>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo.signature</groupId>
<artifactId>java18</artifactId>
</signature>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>