Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir (French: Miraculous, les aventures de Ladybug et Chat Noir; commonly abbreviated as Miraculous Ladybug or simply Miraculous)[9][10][11][12][2] is a French animated magical girl superhero[13] television series created by Thomas Astruc and developed by Jeremy Zag. The series is produced by the French company Miraculous Corp. (a joint venture of Mediawan and ZAG, Inc.),[14] and co-produced with Japanese studio Toei Animation's European division, and several international companies.[a]
The series focuses on two Parisian teenagers, Marinette Dupain-Cheng and Adrien Agreste, who transform into the superheroes Ladybug and Cat Noir, respectively, to protect the city from supervillains.
Prior to its debut in France on 19 October 2015 on TF1's TFOU block,[15] the series was first shown in South Korea on 1 September 2015 on EBS1.[16] Internationally, it is mainly broadcast on Disney-owned channels or on Disney+, with exceptions in some countries.
The series spawned a media franchise with several products tied to it, including various comic books, novels, and video games. A film adaptation, Ladybug & Cat Noir: The Movie, was released theatrically in 2023, premiering in France.
The series takes place in modern-day Paris and revolves around the adventures of two teenagers,[17][18] Marinette Dupain-Cheng and Adrien Agreste.[19] When evil arises, they transform into their superhero personas, Ladybug and Cat Noir respectively, using magical jewels known as the "Miraculous". All the while, Marinette and Adrien struggle with their feelings for each other, not knowing each other's secret identities: Marinette is in love with Adrien, but not Cat Noir, while Adrien is in love with Ladybug, but not Marinette.
As Hawk Moth's villains become tougher, Master Fu, the Guardian of the Miraculous, allows Marinette to borrow additional Miraculous and recruit her other classmates and friends as superheroes. Hawk Moth eventually exposes Master Fu, forcing him to make Marinette the new Guardian. Nathalie falls ill from using the Peacock Miraculous, but Hawk Moth repairs it and uses it together with the Butterfly Miraculous to become "Shadow Moth," able to create both villains and sentimonsters. Burdened by the stress of keeping her superhero life secret, Marinette reveals her secret identity to her best friend Alya Csaire.
Astruc had intended to make Ladybug a comic book series until he met Jeremy Zag, who loved the project and wanted to produce it as a cartoon; Zag was 25 at the time and not originally from the cartoon industry.[31]
In developing Cat Noir, Astruc said that ladybugs represented good luck, so it was natural to partner her with a black cat character with bad luck powers. Cat Noir was a tribute to comic characters, like Catwoman. So it was like having Catwoman and Spider-Man in the same show but reversed genders and roles.[31]
A character named Flix was originally going to have the role of Cat Noir, as the holder of the Black Cat Miraculous, [32] but he was later scrapped in favor of Adrien Agreste because the creative team felt that Flix was a clich of a male anime protagonist and that Adrien would allow them to tell more interesting stories.[33][34] In September 2015, Astruc indicated that he was open to revisiting the character of Flix,[35] but he abandoned it by February 2016, writing that the character was a poor idea.[36] In 2019, Flix was remade as Adrien's cousin and was renamed Flix Fathom, and became holder of the Peacock Miraculous.[needs update]
In 2010, the show was announced at Cannes' MIPCOM with French production groups Univergroup Pictures and Onyx Films heading the project and working with Method Animation and Zagtoon. Aton Soumache of Onyx and Method[37] said that they want "to create a glamorous superhero character with a real European flair with Paris as [the] backdrop." The producers had also planned to animate it in stereoscopic 3D (currently, the show is produced using CGI animation).[29]
In the summer of June 2012, Toei Animation Co., Ltd. (known for Sailor Moon, Digimon, PreCure, One Piece & DragonBall) the famous Japanese animation studio branch owned & operated by Toei Company, Ltd. in Tokyo, Japan, was announced as co-producers, alongside its European division.[37] Two years before 2012, Toei Animation had released a PreCure film that was set in Paris, France, and was very interested in expanding their international audience.[31] Even after the production moved to CGI animation, Toei still remained co-producer, with the executive producers from the company being credited.[38]
On 21 November 2012, a memorandum of understanding between Zagtoon, Method Animation, SAMG Animation and SK Broadband was announced: together, the companies would invest US$50 million through 2017 into five projects. The first of these projects was developed into Miraculous, which received an investment of $10 million. As a part of the deal, SK Broadband would have exclusive rights in South Korea for video on demand release, available to the subscribers of the company's IPTV platform B TV.[39][40]
In 2019, Zag and Gloob signed an agreement where the Brazilian company will start to co-produce the next seasons of Miraculous, in addition to having exclusivity of exhibition in Brazil and the addition of a Brazilian character.[41]
The whole anime concept was a complete success; but there were concerns about the marketability of traditional 2D animation and the difficulty in animating Ladybug's costume of red with black spots, as it caused some strobing effects.[31] Executive producer Jared Wolfson said that Zag wanted the animation to be cinematic and epic, unique and different, and said that they are continuing to partner with Toei as it brings in the Asian inspiration and that a 2D version of the show might be a potential product for future purposes.[47][48][49][50][51][52]
On 18 April 2021, It was confirmed that in addition to season 4 and 5 the show will have two more seasons (season 6 and 7).[57][58] Season 6 is expected to launch sometime between Fall or Winter 2024.[59]
While the show is marketed as a Western superhero narrative, its thematic base is the Japanese mahō shōjo (magical girl) genre, with its focus on transformation sequences, a school cast, the gathering of a team of heroes, animal friends, and end-of-episode collages.[13] In particular, Ladybug is strongly influenced by the genre's landmark entry Sailor Moon: Not only does the name of Marinette ("little sailor girl") recall Sailor Moon's title, but the main characters' magical companions reflect Sailor Moon's Luna and Artemis, the main villain's power resembles that of Queen Beryl, and the show's entire plot parallels the story of Sailor Saturn.[13] Ladybug features numerous other direct and indirect references to its inspiration.[13]
Each episode takes around 3 months to write, from scratch to final validation of broadcasters.[61] Assistant director, Wilfried Pain, said that each episode is composed of two parts: a sitcom aspect where the characters have to speak for themselves, and an action element where the camera is always moving.[31]
Noam Kaniel (Noam) writes the music and songs. Kaniel has also worked on action superhero shows such as M.A.S.K, X-Men, Code Lyoko, W.I.T.C.H., Fantastic Four, Power Rangers, Digimon Fusion and Glitter Force.[47][62] Kaniel and Zag wrote the theme song. Alain Garcia wrote the English lyrics, which are sung by Wendy Child and Cash Callaway.[63] The French version was performed by Marily and Noam Kaniel.[64] Starting from season 4 & 5, Lou performed the theme song in both French and English.
In France, TV channels or streaming services owners are required to participate in the financing of French productions. Since The Walt Disney Company owns TV channels and a streaming service in France, they finance the series through their French division which gives Disney the broadcasting rights in the United States, and in select European, Latin American, Middle Eastern, Asian, and African regions, where the series airs on Disney-owned channels or Disney+. It also give them the reruns rights on the French versions of Disney Channel and Disney+.[65]
Kimberly Cooper, a blog writer who has contributed to news media such as The Huffington Post,[98] wrote that the show has inspired teens and adults to create and propagate Miraculous remixes and liked that the show featured multiracial characters as with the film Big Hero 6, which had won an Oscar. She "quickly realized there was a far cooler and broader Miraculous movement underway".[99] Caitlin Donovan of the entertainment website, Epicstream, listed it as one of her top 10 animated series of 2015. She wrote that "the characters are so charming that the tropey aspects of the show are merely a lot of fun, rather than irritating" and commended the fight sequences and CGI animation. She wrote that "Marinette is an adorable lead who is genuinely awkward as a civilian, but confident as a superhero, which makes for an interesting contrast."[100] Ella Anders of BSCKids wrote that the show stands out because of "how it meshes both the magical girl and superhero genre together".[101] Robert Lloyd of the Los Angeles Times described the show as "clever, romantic, fun, the way some of us prefer our superhero stories." He found the characters to "have the look of extruded plastic common to CGI cartoons", but "within these limits the design is lovely and the animation elegant, and a lot of work has gone into the staging and execution of the action scenes."[1]
The show has also received negative criticism from both critics and fans of the show. Ryan Lewis of CBR.com portrays a negative view of the show's primary conflict between the two main protagonists: .mw-parser-output .templatequoteoverflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequoteciteline-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0
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