Hi, new to the forum, and That is a genius way of reusing an existing closed system. I'll admit I'm a little rusty on reading diagrams but if I was looking at that right it looks like the system is not entirely dependent on corded phones correct?
I mean you would have to change the edge detection but in theory you could use anything that connects to a land line as an input. Such as an intercom with a push button or use an intercom that is always listening as a mic and have one in every room that you have a land line in.
I am currently going back to college for programming and electrical engineering and this sounds like a very fun project to implement as part of my studies. when I get to go back in the fall (cross fingers and knock on wood) lol