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Bimbo is slang for a conventionally attractive, sexualized, nave, and unintelligent woman.[1] The term was originally used in the United States as early as 1919 for an unintelligent or brutish man.[2] As of the early 21st century, the "stereotypical bimbo" appearance became akin to that of a physically attractive woman. It is commonly employed to characterize women who are blonde, have curvaceous physiques, wear excessive makeup, and dress in revealing attire while being associated with "the dumb blonde" stereotype.[3]
The word bimbo derives from the Italian bimbo,[4] a masculine-gender term that means "little or baby boy" or "young (male) child" (the feminine form of the Italian word is bimba). Use of this term began in the United States as early as 1919, and was a slang word used to describe an unintelligent[5] or brutish[6] man.
It was not until the 1920s that the term bimbo began to be associated with women in popular culture. In 1920, Frank Crumit,[7] Billy Jones, and Aileen Stanley all recorded versions of "My Little Bimbo Down on the Bamboo Isle", with words by Grant Clarke and music by Walter Donaldson. The song uses the term "bimbo" to describe an island girl of questionable virtue. The 1930 silent film Desert Nights uses it to describe a wealthy female crook, and in The Broadway Melody, an angry Bessie Love calls a chorus girl a bimbo. The first use of its female meaning cited in the Oxford English Dictionary is dated 1929, from the scholarly journal American Speech, where the definition was given simply as "a woman".
In the 1940s, bimbo was still being used to refer to both men and women, as in, for example the comic novel Full Moon by P. G. Wodehouse who wrote of "bimbos who went about the place making passes at innocent girls after discarding their wives like old tubes of toothpaste".[8]
The term died out again for much of the 20th century until it became popular again in the 1980s and 1990s, with political sex scandals.[9] As bimbo began to be used increasingly for females, exclusively male variations of the word began to surface, like mimbo and himbo, a backformation of bimbo, which refers to an unintelligent, but attractive, man.[4]
In 2017, "The Bimbo Movement" was founded by self-proclaimed bimbo and adult star Alicia Amira,[10] "the woman most responsible for popularizing the idea of reclaiming hyper-femininity"[11] in order to destigmatise women who are bimbos and to reclaim the term "bimbo". The term later re-entered usage by way of some members of Generation Z seeking to further reclaim the pejorative, such as the "BimboTok" community on the social media platform TikTok, where users engaged in stereotypical hyper-femininity to satirise consumerism, capitalism, and misogyny.[12]
The term is sometimes associated with men or women who dye their hair blond, indicating that physical attractiveness is more important to them than other, non-physical traits[3] and as an extension to "the dumb blonde" stereotype.[3]
In American politics, the word was used in the 1990s during Bill Clinton's sexual misconduct allegations, leading to the invention of the term "Bimbo eruptions" to refer to political sex scandals.[13] The expression was also used in a 2014 report[14] in which Colin Powell explained his reluctance to vote for Hillary Clinton in light of her husband's continued affairs with "bimbos".
After the first 2015 Republican Presidential Debate, Donald Trump re-tweeted a message calling debate moderator and Fox News host Megyn Kelly a "bimbo" via Twitter.[15] This took place after Kelly asked Trump a question that referenced his television show The Apprentice from season 6 in 2005. Shortly afterwards, Stephen Richter of The Globalist published an opinion piece in which he accused Trump of being a bimbo, noting the original definition of bimbo as "an unintelligent or brutish male".[16]
In March 2024, the California First Circuit Court of Appeals overturned the lower court's decision to deny a woman's request to change her name to Candi Bimbo Doll, marking a notable legal development in American jurisprudence related to 'bimbofication'.[17][18]
In economics, a complementary good is a good whose appeal increases with the popularity of its complement.[further explanation needed] Technically, it displays a negative cross elasticity of demand and that demand for it increases when the price of another good decreases.[1] If A \displaystyle A is a complement to B \displaystyle B , an increase in the price of A \displaystyle A will result in a negative movement along the demand curve of A \displaystyle A and cause the demand curve for B \displaystyle B to shift inward; less of each good will be demanded. Conversely, a decrease in the price of A \displaystyle A will result in a positive movement along the demand curve of A \displaystyle A and cause the demand curve of B \displaystyle B to shift outward; more of each good will be demanded. This is in contrast to a substitute good, whose demand decreases when its substitute's price decreases.[2]
When two goods are complements, they experience joint demand - the demand of one good is linked to the demand for another good. Therefore, if a higher quantity is demanded of one good, a higher quantity will also be demanded of the other, and vice versa. For example, the demand for razor blades may depend on the number of razors in use; this is why razors have sometimes been sold as loss leaders, to increase demand for the associated blades.[3] Another example is that sometimes a toothbrush is packaged free with toothpaste. The toothbrush is a complement to the toothpaste; the cost of producing a toothbrush may be higher than toothpaste, but its sales depends on the demand of toothpaste.
All non-complementary goods can be considered substitutes.[4] If x \displaystyle x and y \displaystyle y are rough complements in an everyday sense, then consumers are willing to pay more for each marginal unit of good x \displaystyle x as they accumulate more y \displaystyle y . The opposite is true for substitutes: the consumer is willing to pay less for each marginal unit of good " z \displaystyle z " as it accumulates more of good " y \displaystyle y ".
Complementarity may be driven by psychological processes in which the consumption of one good (e.g., cola) stimulates demand for its complements (e.g., a cheeseburger). Consumption of a food or beverage activates a goal to consume its complements: foods that consumers believe would taste better together. Drinking cola increases consumers' willingness to pay for a cheeseburger. This effect appears to be contingent on consumer perceptions of these relationships rather than their sensory properties.[5]
An example of this would be the demand for cars and petrol. The supply and demand for cars is represented by the figure, with the initial demand D 1 \displaystyle D_1 . Suppose that the initial price of cars is represented by P 1 \displaystyle P_1 with a quantity demanded of Q 1 \displaystyle Q_1 . If the price of petrol were to decrease by some amount, this would result in a higher quantity of cars demanded. This higher quantity demanded would cause the demand curve to shift rightward to a new position D 2 \displaystyle D_2 . Assuming a constant supply curve S \displaystyle S of cars, the new increased quantity demanded will be at Q 2 \displaystyle Q_2 with a new increased price P 2 \displaystyle P_2 . Other examples include automobiles and fuel, mobile phones and cellular service, printer and cartridge, among others.
A perfect complement is a good that must be consumed with another good. The indifference curve of a perfect complement exhibits a right angle, as illustrated by the figure.[6] Such preferences can be represented by a Leontief utility function.
Few goods behave as perfect complements.[6] One example is a left shoe and a right; shoes are naturally sold in pairs, and the ratio between sales of left and right shoes will never shift noticeably from 1:1.
The degree of complementarity, however, does not have to be mutual; it can be measured by the cross price elasticity of demand. In the case of video games, a specific video game (the complement good) has to be consumed with a video game console (the base good). It does not work the other way: a video game console does not have to be consumed with that game.
In marketing, complementary goods give additional market power to the producer. It allows vendor lock-in by increasing switching costs. A few types of pricing strategy exist for a complementary good and its base good:
As of December 2022, the CCI was 108.3, up from 101.4 in November. A level above 100 indicates increasing consumer confidence. This means that they'll most likely save less and instead make major purchases in the following 12 months. Levels below 100 point to a pessimistic outlook for the economy. This may result in greater saving and less spending.
While consumer discretionary products are non-essential items that consumers typically can choose to buy when money is plentiful, consumer staples are items that consumers feel are essential to their daily living. These are such things as toilet paper, food, beverages, medicine, toothpaste, and gas. People reduce spending on consumer discretionaries and focus on consumer staples as the economy weakens
Some of the companies in consumer discretionary industries include Amazon.com Inc., Starbucks, Ford Motor Company, eBay, Tractor Supply Company, McDonald's, The Home Depot, Marriott International, and Domino's Pizza.
You can buy the stocks of companies found in the various industries within the consumer discretionary sector. For convenience and diversification purposes, you can buy a mutual fund that invests in them, such as the Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund Admiral Shares. Additionally, you can purchase an exchange-traded fund that follows the sector, such as the Consumer Discretionary Select Sector SPDR Fund.
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