Interestinglythe two names we think of most often when we think of Germans in Italy both specialized in cellos, and, in both cases, their cellos have far outpaced the rest of their work with regard to modern commercial values. That both seemed to have entered Italy via Venice, one of the richest states in the world in those days, should not surprise us, since it not only had money but also extensive trade routes to wherever one might wish to go and, not surprisingly, was also the destination for many of the roads leading from the north. While David Tecchler continued on to Rome, Matteo Goffriller, the subject of our discussion today, chose to stay in Venice and build his career.
More than a few fine makers lost their identities during this period: some remain anonymous to this day. But Goffriller would be an exception. In reference works of the 1870s and 1880s, he was often not even mentioned as a maker, whereas Carlo Bergonzi was credited with numerous cellos, most of which were probably made by Goffriller. This started to change in the 1890s. First, there was a body of work that retained original labels. Second, they were manifestly superior instruments, in many respects the model for what followed in the Venetian School. Last, the skills of expertise were growing throughout the early 20th century, and inquiring minds were making comparisons and drawing conclusions. Of particular importance on this score is the methodical and analytical approach adopted by the Hill brothers, and by Alfred Hill in particular, who by the 1920s was breaking the news to any number of owners convinced of the Cremonese origins of their cellos.
Equipment includes a 3D printer, silhouette cameo vinyl cutter, digital conversion station, sewing and embroidery machine, button makers, bike repair station and computers with Adobe Creative Suite software. Please reserve a spot in advance, opens a new window.
Equipment includes VR gaming, an embroidery machine, Silhouette cutting machine, vinyl printer, One Button automated presentation recording studio, button makers, and assorted tools. Please reserve a spot in advance.
Equipment includes a recording booth, button makers, Roland BN-20a Vinyl Printer, Epson Surecolor p900 Photo Printer, digital conversion station, sewing machine, and computers with Adobe Creative Suite software. Please reserve a spot in advance.
Equipment includes a sewing machine, button makers, laminator, a silhouette cameo machine, and computers with Adobe Creative Suite software. Please reserve a spot in advance, opens a new window.
The Maker Lab launched in July 2013 as a six-month experiment to explore the role of the library in makerspaces, community-operated workspaces where people come together to learn, create and collaborate. Due to the overwhelmingly positive community response, we chose to keep the Maker Lab open and continue to offer exciting new workshops.
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A few years ago while visiting my friend, I eagerly watched him go through the entire routine of making pour-over coffee in a Chemex. He weighed and ground the beans, then placed the grounds in the filter and "bloomed" them, adding just a few tablespoons of hot water to extract CO2 and reduce some bitterness. Finally, he poured water in concentric circles through a gooseneck kettle, working with precision and timed accuracy.
The Ratio Eight is a pour-over Chemex-style machine with a built-in robot brain that has been programmed to eliminate human error from one of the most difficult brewing techniques out there. It also looks damn good doing it.
From there, you can either watch or walk away, though watching it brew is half the fun. With the press of a button, the machine begins gurgling water to the exact right temperature (200 degrees Fahrenheit, according to the Specialty Coffee Association of America), pulling it up through internal glass tubing systems.
The Ratio Eight is one of two premier automated pour over coffee makers to choose from, the second being the $350 Chemex Ottomatic Coffee Maker 2.0. But of the two, the Ratio is simply made with more exacting care and better materials than the Ottomatic. The Ratio is handcrafted, with a frame of precision die-cast aluminum that's capped with wood sidepieces (you get your pick of three different hardwoods for the siding to match whichever of the five colors you choose for the frame). Every machine is assembled by hand, and whether you opt for a hand-blown glass water tank or go with the standard BPA-Free plastic option, the coffee carafe is still made of hand blown glass.
This summer my wife, myself, and two dogs took a 10,000 mile road trip from our home in near Santa Cruz California, across the US to visit the great province of Nova Scotia Canada, and many points around and in-between.
To understand the creation of cities, roads, bridges, ferries, railroads, canals, and other infrastructure in North America, you really need to understand the pattern of how resources have been exploited. This is a conclusion I came to while driving around playing tourist, because you actually get to learn why cities were built in the location they were built. And why they flourished sometime later after being established for another reason. And why they eventually die out.
There are political reasons. The US capital was located in Washington DC as a political compromise between the North and South. Saint Petersburg was purpose built by Tsar Peter the Great as the imperial capital of Russia. Alexander the Great founded some twenty towns, often as a means of consolidating new mergers and acquisitions.
Resources are anything useful to humans: freshwater access, river transportation, harbors, ports, access to fisheries, a strong defensive position, fertile land, a crossroads, a ferry spot located on a narrow part of a river, where a train needs to stop for water, near minerals or mineral processing plants, near a temple, near a fort, near a trading post, near a financial center, near a market town, near military bases, near a river for hydropower, near hills for wind power, traveling distance from a town (every 20 miles if traveling on foot or 40 miles by coach), on trade routes, timber, oil, gas, coal, iron, and so on.
Many companies use distributed teams and they can work very well. InfoQ, for example, uses a completely distributed workforce, across several continents, and CEO Floyd Marinescu says they are quite happy with the results.
The collective intelligence of a community comes from idea flow; we learn from the ideas that surround us, and others learn from us. Over time, a community with members who actively engage with each other creates a group with shared, integrated habits and beliefs. When the flow of ideas incorporates a constant stream of outside ideas as well, then the individuals in the community make better decisions than they could on their own
Consequently, the importance of packing people physically close to each other is still critical to promoting greater idea flow. Easy face-to-face access between individuals enhances exploration, engagement, and the rate at which new ideas are converted into behaviors. Thus, physical proximity remains perhaps the major factor in productivity and creative output.
In summary, people act like idea-processing machines combining individual thinking and social learning from the experiences of others. Success depends greatly on the quality of your exploration and that, in turn, relies on the diversity and independence of your information and idea sources.
The important conclusion to take away from this Science paper is that groups have a collective intelligence that is mostly independent of the intelligence of the individual participants. This group problem-solving ability, which is greater than our individual abilities, emerges from the connections between the individuals. In particular, a pattern of interactions that supports the pooling of a diverse set of ideas from everyone, combined with an efficient winnowing process to establish a consensus, seems to form its core. Have we evolved to function better as group minds rather than as individuals?
We are smarter as a group. We work better together following certain rules of engagement. We work better when we interact personally with some frequency. Diversity helps prevent groupthink. The ability to constantly explore and bring in new ideas is crucial for an organization to keep innovating.
These new cities would be built around digital resources. Provide oceans and fields and deposits and rivers of low cost bandwidth and processing power and they will come. Add in renewable power generation, smart recycling, smart grids, advanced green design to reduce water use, hydroponic food production, etc. and relatively low impact cities can be built.
The idea of bandwidth as an attractive resource has some legs. You hear about people and businesses considering moving to Kansas City just to have access to Google Fiber, for example, because all they need is bandwidth to work.
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