Snip-snap
Zoraida
Snip-snap-snorum, or snip-snap-snorem (sometimes unhyphenated), is a matching-type card game, mostly played by children, and has several variants. The game dates to at least the 17th century in Franconia, and probably derives from a more ancient drinking and gambling game.[1] References to "snip, snap, snorum", which seems to be the original English spelling, go back to at least 1755.[2]
The game is mentioned in a Franconian publication as early as 1650 under the name 'Schnip, Schnap, Schnurr und Schnepepperling.[3] A 1755 edition of The Connoisseur newspaper mentions snip-snap-snorum being played in Wiltshire, the author recounting a visit where a group of "country girls and cherry-cheeked bumkins" played the game around a large table as part of a Christmas tradition, along with the card game Pope Joan.[2] The game is mentioned in Christopher Smart's 1767 translation of the works of Horace, where he adds a footnote to his translated text "After this fare we had a play, To take our glass in turn, or pay", noting that he regards this as "a game like snip, snap, snorum."[4] The game is mentioned by the English novelist Frances Burney in 1782.[5]
The game appears, as Chnif Chnof Chnorum, in 1782 and 1790 in France.[6][7] Vilmar describes it as a children's game popular in the early 19th century in Germany, the original and proper name of which was Schnipp, Schnapp, Schnorum, Apostelorum although the last word, which means "of the apostles" became corrupted to the meaningless word, "Basalorum".[8] Five villages in 19th-century Sweden were named after the Swedish equivalent, Snipp, snapp, snorum, hej basalorum: Snipp, Snapp, Snorum, Hej and Basalorum.[9]
There are several methods of playing the game, but in the most common a full whist pack is used and any number of players may take part. The pack is dealt, one card at a time, and the eldest hand places upon the table any card of his choosing. Each player in his turn then tries to match the card played just before his; playing it while saying one of the prescribed words: "Snip!", "Snap!" or "Snorem!" in sequence. Thus, if a king is played, the next player lays down another king (if one is in-hand) calling out "Snip!". The next player may lay down the third king if available, saying "Snap!", and the next the fourth king with the word "Snorem!". A player not being able to pair the card played may not discard, and the holder of snorem has the privilege of beginning the next round. The player who gets rid of all cards in-hand first wins a counter from the other players for each card still held by them.
The game is recorded as early as 1821 being played in Suffolk, England, as Mayor of Coventry.[10] Normally called Earl of Coventry, it is just the same as Snip-Snap-Snorum, but played without counters for a simple win. The leader says "There's as good a 6 can be" (if they had played a six). The second player says "There's a 6 as good as he", the third "There's the best of all the three", and the fourth "And there's the Earl of Coventry". Optionally, players may be required to make a different rhyming statement every time they play a fourth card.[11]
A related game called jig is somewhat a cross between snip-snap and stops, in that the aim of succeeding players is not to match rank but to play the next higher card of the same suit, from ace low to king high.
The leader plays any card and says "Snip", and the next four able to continue the sequence announce respectively "Snap", "Snorum", "Hicockalorum", "Jig".[12] The last turns down the five-card sequence and starts a new one. When a sequence cannot be continued because the last card was a king or the next card has been played out, the last player says "Jig" regardless of position, and leads to the next round. As before, the first out of cards receives 1 counter for each card left in other players' hands.[12]
Moor describes an old Suffolk variant allows that any number to play. The cards are all dealt out and elder plays one, saying or singing "there's a good card for thee," passing it to the right. The next person with a card of the same rank says "there's a still better than he," and passes both onward. The person with the third says "there's the best of all three" and the holder of the fourth crowns it all with "And there is Niddy-Noddeee!", winning the tack (trick) and starting again. Moor acknowledges an alternative final line of "and there's the Lord Mayor of Coventreee!"[10]
An extended version called Schnipp Schnapp Schnurr Burr Basilorum is played in Germany. Kings are not stops but are followed by ace, two, etc.[12][5]The rules are recorded as early as 1868 in the Electorate of Hesse under their original name of Schnipp Schnapp Schnurr Apostolorum, the last word "also being abbreviated to Bostelorum or Bastelorum" and, later, Baselorum. In the variant described by Vilmar, players must lead either with a seven or a jack. He goes on to explains that the original meaning was to imply a game being played between the Four Apostles or evangelists, but that its corruption to Baselorum by another author diminished its potential irreverence.[13]
American author Eliza Leslie in 1831 records a game for girls called Tommy come tickle me which is like Earl of Coventry above. A full pack of 52 cards is used. Players cut for first deal, highest wins. Aces are high. The dealer distributes the whole pack and the player to the left leads saying "Here's a very good king for me" as she plays any card, in this case a king. The next player with a king plays it saying "Here's another, as good as he". The next player with a king does likewise saying "Here's the best of all the three" and the player with the fourth king says "And here's Tommy come tickle me." If a player is unable to play a card of the required rank, she says "It passes me." A player with two or three cards of the same sort that is wanted may play them in succession. The player who plays the fourth card, "Tommy come tickle me," takes up the trick and lays it beside her. She is then next to lead. The first one out wins.[14]
Now to get down to the serious stuff of opening up the body and working inside the chest to find the bits of bullets (and to extract the vital organs for analysis). Which is where the loppers come in.
She was also a major hit at the literary festival, easy to talk to, witty and generous with her responses. Her book is likewise, a compassionate and empathetic insight into a profession that is a vital part of the legal system. Without her reports the truth around unnatural deaths could be misconstrued, obfuscated, lost.
We need a lot more than one pair of loppers for parliament not to mention a few more pairs to cull the beneficiaries of cardre deployment. Her book is indeed well written, insightful and informative. The chapters regarding murdered children are however, extremely painful to read....
Since chatting with forensic pathologist Hestelle van Staden at the Franschhoek Literary Festival ten days ago, I\u2019ve been wondering who decided that garden loppers would be an ideal instrument for cutting ribs off the breast bone?
Consider an ordinary morning in the mortuary. The forensic pathologist is all togged up (having dropped her children at school and is thinking about baking macarons later while she\u2019s driving through hectic traffic to be at work on time). Now she\u2019s coming into the autopsy room to start paying attention to the four bodies lying in wait. Yeah, each pathologist has four bodies per morning. (The subtitle to her books is \u2018Stories from the autopsy table\u2019. There\u2019s also a sticker that says: \u2018Not for sensitive readers.\u2019 That might apply here too.)
Let\u2019s say body Number One is a gunshot death. Or gunshots because these days bodies go down with at least three bullets, often more. (Hestelle once wrote a report that was 23 pages long, usually they\u2019re four or five pages, that detailed 22 gunshot wounds in a single body.)
In determining a gunshot wound, a \u201Cprobe\u201D is inserted into the bullet entrance hole and pushed through to see just how the bullet passed through the body. That passage is called the \u201Ctrack\u201D. (Of course often the bullet gets stuck in the body or, if it\u2019s a cop bullet, it stays in the body. Their ammo is designed to do exactly that.)
As you know garden loppers are those instruments with the long handles and the parrot\u2019s beak scissor-blades at the business end. They\u2019re really effective in the garden and, apparently, also in an autopsy.
Since I read that description in Hestelle\u2019s book, I\u2019ve been wondering who first decided they\u2019d be fit for purpose. And I wonder when was this? And what was used before garden loppers? A hacksaw? And if it was a hacksaw it must have taken time to cut through each individual rib and been quite awkward. You can see how once the chest bones are exposed you can\u2019t really get an angle with a hacksaw. But with loppers you can go in between the gaps and snip-snap.
And, oh yes, a hacksaw is still used to saw through the skull. Apparently using an electric saw is far from ideal as it creates a lot of dust (\u201Cviral particles\u201D) and these could contain any number of nasties: HIV, Covid-19. Really, you don\u2019t want to be breathing in that fog and filthy air.
For the most part there are dissectors to do this cutting work. But Hestelle also gets stuck in from time to time. \u201CThe dissectors laugh at me snapping through ribs, but it builds a great sense of camaraderie\u2026\u201D
And that\u2019s Dr Hestelle van Staden. Her deadpan humour. Her way of telling it like it is. She\u2019s down to earth, practical, and, in her book, an ideal guide through an ordinary morning in the mortuary.
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