Here are a few more things I tried, problem still unresolved.
Updated Windows to Win10 Pro 10.0.17134 Build 17134. Uninstalled all ITKsnap installations, deleted their folders (there were 3 dll files left) and removed the %APPDATA%\
itksnap.org folder, then reinstalled 3.8.0-alpha. Outcome is the same, images are not shown, although Snap thinks that is showing them, the window resizes, the title of the window becomes the filename, and the images are logged in the history. So it must be a Qt issue.
Next step: uninstalled 3.8.0 and installed 3.6.0 with Qt4. Same result. Maximizing the axial view shows even the scrollbar, but nothing is displayed.
Next step: uninstall 3.6.0 Qt4 and install v3.4 32bit 2015 (not 64 bit). This doesn't show any controls, just a white window (see below). Clicking on the white window where the "recent" image should be located changes the title of the window to the filename. Looks like Snap is again thinking it's all ok on its side.
Next step: uninstall 3.4 32bit, remove the preferences folder in %APPDATA%, install 3.4.0.QT4 (64bit). Same story, controls show but not the image:
At this point I don't know what else to do. There must be something on the rendering engine, but don't know how to troubleshoot that.
Note that I have ITKsnap on my Microsoft Surface and works fine: