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Sian Kho2
Jun 18
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Jun 18
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Jun 14
Benar, ada hubungan yang menarik antara penggunaan bunyi “Pa” dalam beberapa nama yang digunakan oleh masyarakat Tionghoa di Batavia, tetapi maknanya tidak selalu sama. ● Patekoan dalam penjelasan yang paling umum memang diartikan sebagai “tempat teko”, dengan kata dasar teko (kendi) dan imbuhan Melayu pa-…-an yang menunjukkan tempat. Dalam penafsiran ini, “pa” bukanlah nama Jakarta, melainkan bagian dari pembentukan kata dalam bahasa Melayu. ● Di kalangan masyarakat Tionghoa, khususnya penutur Hokkien, Batavia/Jakarta dahulu sering disebut dengan pengucapan yang terdengar seperti “Pa-chia”, “Pa-cheng”, atau variasi lain, tergantung dialek dan cara romanisasinya. Bunyi “Pa” di sini merupakan bagian dari pelafalan nama Batavia, bukan kata yang berdiri sendiri berarti Jakarta. ● Mengenai PAHOA (八華學校 / Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan School), nama itu memang sangat terkenal dalam sejarah pendidikan Tionghoa di Indonesia. Pahoa adalah ejaan Hokkien dari karakt
Benar, ada hubungan yang menarik antara penggunaan bunyi “Pa” dalam beberapa nama yang digunakan oleh
unread,
Benar, ada hubungan yang menarik antara penggunaan bunyi “Pa” dalam beberapa nama yang digunakan oleh masyarakat Tionghoa di Batavia, tetapi maknanya tidak selalu sama. ● Patekoan dalam penjelasan yang paling umum memang diartikan sebagai “tempat teko”, dengan kata dasar teko (kendi) dan imbuhan Melayu pa-…-an yang menunjukkan tempat. Dalam penafsiran ini, “pa” bukanlah nama Jakarta, melainkan bagian dari pembentukan kata dalam bahasa Melayu. ● Di kalangan masyarakat Tionghoa, khususnya penutur Hokkien, Batavia/Jakarta dahulu sering disebut dengan pengucapan yang terdengar seperti “Pa-chia”, “Pa-cheng”, atau variasi lain, tergantung dialek dan cara romanisasinya. Bunyi “Pa” di sini merupakan bagian dari pelafalan nama Batavia, bukan kata yang berdiri sendiri berarti Jakarta. ● Mengenai PAHOA (八華學校 / Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan School), nama itu memang sangat terkenal dalam sejarah pendidikan Tionghoa di Indonesia. Pahoa adalah ejaan Hokkien dari karakt
Benar, ada hubungan yang menarik antara penggunaan bunyi “Pa” dalam beberapa nama yang digunakan oleh
Jun 14
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zlim...@gmail.com
May 30
Sundowning behavior refers to a pattern of increased confusion, agitation, anxiety, or restlessness that occurs in the late afternoon, evening, or at night—most commonly seen in people with dementia, especially Alzheimer’s disease.What it looks likePeople experiencing sundowning may: ● Become more confused or disoriented as the day ends ● Feel anxious, irritable, or suspicious ● Pace, wander, or have trouble staying calm ● See or hear things that aren’t there (sometimes) ● Have trouble sleeping or staying asleepWhy it happens (not fully understood)It is thought to be related to several overlapping factors: ● Body clock (circadian rhythm) disruption ● Fatigue after a long day ● Low lighting → more shadows → misinterpretation ● Hunger, dehydration, or discomfort ● Overstimulation earlier in the day ● Brain changes from dementia affecting orientation and perceptionCommon triggers ● Late-day tiredness ● Hospital or unfamiliar environment ● Poor sleep
Sundowning behavior refers to a pattern of increased confusion, agitation, anxiety, or restlessness
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Sundowning behavior refers to a pattern of increased confusion, agitation, anxiety, or restlessness that occurs in the late afternoon, evening, or at night—most commonly seen in people with dementia, especially Alzheimer’s disease.What it looks likePeople experiencing sundowning may: ● Become more confused or disoriented as the day ends ● Feel anxious, irritable, or suspicious ● Pace, wander, or have trouble staying calm ● See or hear things that aren’t there (sometimes) ● Have trouble sleeping or staying asleepWhy it happens (not fully understood)It is thought to be related to several overlapping factors: ● Body clock (circadian rhythm) disruption ● Fatigue after a long day ● Low lighting → more shadows → misinterpretation ● Hunger, dehydration, or discomfort ● Overstimulation earlier in the day ● Brain changes from dementia affecting orientation and perceptionCommon triggers ● Late-day tiredness ● Hospital or unfamiliar environment ● Poor sleep
Sundowning behavior refers to a pattern of increased confusion, agitation, anxiety, or restlessness
May 30
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zlim...@gmail.com
May 29
——000000———-TIGA FAKTOR UTAMA (GARISBESAR) YG PENTING BAGI UMAT MANUSIA ADALAH: 1) MAKANAN2) SEX3) WEALTH That is one way some philosophers and psychologists have described basic human drives, but it is not the whole picture.Food is a fundamental biological necessity. Without adequate nutrition, humans cannot survive.Sex is important for reproduction of the species and is a powerful human drive, but it is not necessary for the survival of an individual. Many people live healthy and meaningful lives without sexual activity.Wealth is not a biological necessity. However, access to resources (food, shelter, clothing, healthcare, security) is necessary. In modern societies, wealth is often a means of obtaining those necessities.Many thinkers have proposed broader views of human needs. For example, Abraham Maslow described a hierarchy of needs that includes: 1. Physiological needs (food, water, sleep) 2. Safety and security 3. Love and belonging 4. Esteem and respect 5. Self-actu
——000000———- TIGA FAKTOR UTAMA (GARISBESAR) YG PENTING BAGI UMAT MANUSIA ADALAH: 1) MAKANAN 2) SEX 3)
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——000000———-TIGA FAKTOR UTAMA (GARISBESAR) YG PENTING BAGI UMAT MANUSIA ADALAH: 1) MAKANAN2) SEX3) WEALTH That is one way some philosophers and psychologists have described basic human drives, but it is not the whole picture.Food is a fundamental biological necessity. Without adequate nutrition, humans cannot survive.Sex is important for reproduction of the species and is a powerful human drive, but it is not necessary for the survival of an individual. Many people live healthy and meaningful lives without sexual activity.Wealth is not a biological necessity. However, access to resources (food, shelter, clothing, healthcare, security) is necessary. In modern societies, wealth is often a means of obtaining those necessities.Many thinkers have proposed broader views of human needs. For example, Abraham Maslow described a hierarchy of needs that includes: 1. Physiological needs (food, water, sleep) 2. Safety and security 3. Love and belonging 4. Esteem and respect 5. Self-actu
——000000———- TIGA FAKTOR UTAMA (GARISBESAR) YG PENTING BAGI UMAT MANUSIA ADALAH: 1) MAKANAN 2) SEX 3)
May 29
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zlim...@gmail.com
May 28
There is growing evidence that some probiotics may help reduce inflammation and possibly lower the risk of certain cancers, including prostate cancer, but the evidence is still preliminary. Scientists are interested in the connection between: ● gut microbiome ● chronic inflammation ● immune system regulation ● hormone metabolismbecause these all influence cancer development.Some studies suggest probiotics may help by: ● reducing chronic inflammation ● improving immune surveillance ● lowering oxidative stress (ROS) ● modifying testosterone and estrogen metabolism ● producing beneficial compounds like short-chain fatty acidsCertain bacterial groups such as: ● Lactobacillus ● Bifidobacteriumhave shown anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects in laboratory and animal studies.There are also observations that men with healthier gut microbiomes may have lower rates of aggressive prostate cancer, but this does not yet prove cause and effect.An important newer ide
PROBIOTICS MAY HELP REDUCE CERTAIN CANCER There is growing evidence that some probiotics may help
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There is growing evidence that some probiotics may help reduce inflammation and possibly lower the risk of certain cancers, including prostate cancer, but the evidence is still preliminary. Scientists are interested in the connection between: ● gut microbiome ● chronic inflammation ● immune system regulation ● hormone metabolismbecause these all influence cancer development.Some studies suggest probiotics may help by: ● reducing chronic inflammation ● improving immune surveillance ● lowering oxidative stress (ROS) ● modifying testosterone and estrogen metabolism ● producing beneficial compounds like short-chain fatty acidsCertain bacterial groups such as: ● Lactobacillus ● Bifidobacteriumhave shown anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects in laboratory and animal studies.There are also observations that men with healthier gut microbiomes may have lower rates of aggressive prostate cancer, but this does not yet prove cause and effect.An important newer ide
PROBIOTICS MAY HELP REDUCE CERTAIN CANCER There is growing evidence that some probiotics may help
May 28
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zlim...@gmail.com
May 28
here is probably no single “magic” protein that guarantees longer life, but several proteins and amino-acid–related pathways are strongly linked with healthy aging and longevity research.The key idea is balance: ● enough protein to maintain muscles, immunity, and repair ● but not excessive stimulation of growth pathways all the timeHere are the most important proteins and amino-acid concepts connected with longevity:1. Sirtuins (SIRT proteins)These are often called “longevity proteins.”Especially: ● SIRT1 ● SIRT3They help: ● repair DNA ● reduce oxidative stress (ROS) ● improve mitochondrial function ● support metabolism during fasting or calorie restrictionSirtuins are activated by: ● exercise ● fasting/intermittent fasting ● calorie restriction ● compounds like resveratrolThey are one reason why mild stress (“hormesis”) may prolong life.⸻2. AMPK-related proteinsAMPK is an energy-sensing pathway.When activated, the body shifts from:
“growth
KEY PROTEINS CAN PROLONG LIFE There is probably no single “magic” protein that guarantees longer life
unread,
here is probably no single “magic” protein that guarantees longer life, but several proteins and amino-acid–related pathways are strongly linked with healthy aging and longevity research.The key idea is balance: ● enough protein to maintain muscles, immunity, and repair ● but not excessive stimulation of growth pathways all the timeHere are the most important proteins and amino-acid concepts connected with longevity:1. Sirtuins (SIRT proteins)These are often called “longevity proteins.”Especially: ● SIRT1 ● SIRT3They help: ● repair DNA ● reduce oxidative stress (ROS) ● improve mitochondrial function ● support metabolism during fasting or calorie restrictionSirtuins are activated by: ● exercise ● fasting/intermittent fasting ● calorie restriction ● compounds like resveratrolThey are one reason why mild stress (“hormesis”) may prolong life.⸻2. AMPK-related proteinsAMPK is an energy-sensing pathway.When activated, the body shifts from:
“growth
KEY PROTEINS CAN PROLONG LIFE There is probably no single “magic” protein that guarantees longer life
May 28
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zlim...@gmail.com
May 26
There is growing evidence that GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) — drugs such as Semaglutide and Tirzepatide — may help slow progression or improve outcomes in some cancers, including metastatic cancers. But the evidence is still early and not yet definitive.Researchers are seeing several possible effects: ● reduced inflammation and oxidative stress ● improved insulin resistance and metabolic control ● weight reduction (important because obesity promotes some cancers) ● possible direct effects on tumor-cell signaling pathwaysSome recent studies reported: ● possible slowing of prostate cancer growth  ● improved outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients receiving immunotherapy  ● lower mortality in some colorectal cancer populations using GLP-1 drugs  ● broader analyses suggesting reduced risk of several obesity-related cancers However, there are important cautions: ● Most evidence is observational or laboratory-based, not yet large ra
There is growing evidence that GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) — drugs such as Semaglutide and
unread,
There is growing evidence that GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) — drugs such as Semaglutide and Tirzepatide — may help slow progression or improve outcomes in some cancers, including metastatic cancers. But the evidence is still early and not yet definitive.Researchers are seeing several possible effects: ● reduced inflammation and oxidative stress ● improved insulin resistance and metabolic control ● weight reduction (important because obesity promotes some cancers) ● possible direct effects on tumor-cell signaling pathwaysSome recent studies reported: ● possible slowing of prostate cancer growth  ● improved outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients receiving immunotherapy  ● lower mortality in some colorectal cancer populations using GLP-1 drugs  ● broader analyses suggesting reduced risk of several obesity-related cancers However, there are important cautions: ● Most evidence is observational or laboratory-based, not yet large ra
There is growing evidence that GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) — drugs such as Semaglutide and
May 26
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zlim...@gmail.com
May 21
dern electrical stimulation devices like TENS, EMS, NMES, and microcurrent therapy were influenced partly by ideas related to acupuncture, although they also developed from modern neuroscience and physiotherapy.There are two historical pathways: 1. Traditional acupuncture ● Ancient Chinese medicine observed that stimulating certain points on the body could reduce pain and improve function. ● Later, practitioners began adding small electrical currents to acupuncture needles. This became: ● electroacupuncture 2. Modern electrophysiology ● In the 18th–20th centuries, scientists discovered that nerves and muscles operate through electrical signals. ● Doctors and physiotherapists then developed devices to stimulate nerves through the skin without needles.So TENS and related devices are essentially a Western biomedical adaptation of: ● nerve stimulation ● pain-gate theory ● muscle activation ● partly inspired by observations similar to acupuncture effectsA famous theory
Modern electrical stimulation devices like TENS, EMS, NMES, and microcurrent therapy were influenced
unread,
dern electrical stimulation devices like TENS, EMS, NMES, and microcurrent therapy were influenced partly by ideas related to acupuncture, although they also developed from modern neuroscience and physiotherapy.There are two historical pathways: 1. Traditional acupuncture ● Ancient Chinese medicine observed that stimulating certain points on the body could reduce pain and improve function. ● Later, practitioners began adding small electrical currents to acupuncture needles. This became: ● electroacupuncture 2. Modern electrophysiology ● In the 18th–20th centuries, scientists discovered that nerves and muscles operate through electrical signals. ● Doctors and physiotherapists then developed devices to stimulate nerves through the skin without needles.So TENS and related devices are essentially a Western biomedical adaptation of: ● nerve stimulation ● pain-gate theory ● muscle activation ● partly inspired by observations similar to acupuncture effectsA famous theory
Modern electrical stimulation devices like TENS, EMS, NMES, and microcurrent therapy were influenced
May 21
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zlim...@gmail.com
May 20
Recent research suggests that among adults age 65 and older, a high-dose influenza vaccine may be associated with a lower risk of developing Alzheimer dementia compared with the standard-dose flu vaccine. However, the evidence is still observational and does not prove causation.Main findings from the 2026 study published in American Academy of Neurology journal Neurology: • About 165,000 adults ≥65 years were studied. • Those receiving the high-dose flu vaccine had a significantly lower Alzheimer risk during about the first 2 years after vaccination compared with those receiving the standard-dose vaccine.  • The estimated reduction was roughly: • about 15–20% relative risk reduction in many summaries,  • while some reports described up to ~55% lower risk during certain follow-up intervals depending on the analysis model used.  • The benefit appeared stronger and longer-lasting in women.  • Researchers estimated approximately: • 1 Alzheimer case pre
Recent research suggests that among adults age 65 and older, a high-dose influenza vaccine may be
unread,
Recent research suggests that among adults age 65 and older, a high-dose influenza vaccine may be associated with a lower risk of developing Alzheimer dementia compared with the standard-dose flu vaccine. However, the evidence is still observational and does not prove causation.Main findings from the 2026 study published in American Academy of Neurology journal Neurology: • About 165,000 adults ≥65 years were studied. • Those receiving the high-dose flu vaccine had a significantly lower Alzheimer risk during about the first 2 years after vaccination compared with those receiving the standard-dose vaccine.  • The estimated reduction was roughly: • about 15–20% relative risk reduction in many summaries,  • while some reports described up to ~55% lower risk during certain follow-up intervals depending on the analysis model used.  • The benefit appeared stronger and longer-lasting in women.  • Researchers estimated approximately: • 1 Alzheimer case pre
Recent research suggests that among adults age 65 and older, a high-dose influenza vaccine may be
May 20
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zlim...@gmail.com
May 18
Yes, there have been lawsuits involving these medications, especially Gabapentin and Lyrica, though the situation is somewhat complicated.Most lawsuits are not mainly about amputations, but about: • off-label marketing, • inadequate warning of side effects, • dependency/misuse, • breathing problems, • cognitive decline, • suicidality, • withdrawal symptoms.About Gabapentin lawsuitsPfizer and related companies previously paid large settlements over illegal promotion of gabapentin for uses not officially approved by the FDA. Current lawsuits in 2025–2026 involve claims such as: • memory problems, • respiratory depression, • overdose, • neurological side effects, • failure to warn patients adequately. There are also concerns about widespread prescribing for chronic pain despite limited evidence in some conditions. About CymbaltaThere were lawsuits related to: • severe withdrawal symptoms, • suicide-related claims, • inadequate warnings. So
A new report , there have been lawsuits involving these medications, especially Gabapentin and Lyrica
unread,
Yes, there have been lawsuits involving these medications, especially Gabapentin and Lyrica, though the situation is somewhat complicated.Most lawsuits are not mainly about amputations, but about: • off-label marketing, • inadequate warning of side effects, • dependency/misuse, • breathing problems, • cognitive decline, • suicidality, • withdrawal symptoms.About Gabapentin lawsuitsPfizer and related companies previously paid large settlements over illegal promotion of gabapentin for uses not officially approved by the FDA. Current lawsuits in 2025–2026 involve claims such as: • memory problems, • respiratory depression, • overdose, • neurological side effects, • failure to warn patients adequately. There are also concerns about widespread prescribing for chronic pain despite limited evidence in some conditions. About CymbaltaThere were lawsuits related to: • severe withdrawal symptoms, • suicide-related claims, • inadequate warnings. So
A new report , there have been lawsuits involving these medications, especially Gabapentin and Lyrica
May 18