New IZA DPs -- Income, Wealth & Mobility
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IZA DP Alerts
May 20, 2026, 9:09:13 AMMay 20
to it...@umich.edu
IZA Discussion Papers
Dear Italo Gutierrez,
These new IZA Discussion Papers are now available online.
DP 18491 - Davis/Ransom/Black/Larson:
Market Size Disparity Moderates Competitive Balance Interventions in US Sports Leagues
DP 18520 - Zamarro/Camp/McGee/Wilson/Vernon:
Raising the Floor: Teacher Retention Effects of a Statewide Minimum Salary Increase
DP 18550 - Bargain/Lo Bue/Palmisano:
Relative Intergenerational Mobility: A Normative Framework and Evidence from Indonesia
DP 18596 - Schnitzlein/Lersch/Wiborg:
Intragenerational Mobility in Wealth in Germany, Norway, and Britain: Descriptive Evidence
Please find the abstracts and download links below.
IZA DP No. 18491
Kyle J. Davis, Tyler Ransom, Christopher Black, Daniel Larson:
Market Size Disparity Moderates Competitive Balance Interventions in US Sports Leagues
Abstract:
This study examines the extent to which market size disparity across franchises—measured as the coefficient of variation of MSA populations—moderates the effectiveness of competitive balance interventions (CBIs) in Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Football League (NFL), the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1967 to 2023. Using two-way fixed effects models with multiple balance measures, we find that CBI effectiveness depends on the distribution of market sizes across league members. Jointly adopting a salary cap and floor improves competitive balance at low levels of market size disparity but is ineffective at high levels. Revenue sharing shows limited effects. Luxury taxes are associated with worsened competitive balance in high-disparity leagues. Our findings demonstrate that market size disparity not only affects competitive balance directly but also determines which interventions succeed. These results have direct re levance to recent discourse on competitive balance in MLB.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18491.pdf
IZA DP No. 18520
Gema Zamarro, Andrew Camp, Josh McGee, Taylor Wilson, Miranda Vernon:
Raising the Floor: Teacher Retention Effects of a Statewide Minimum Salary Increase
Abstract:
The LEARNS Act increased Arkansas's minimum teacher salary from $36,000 to $50,000, guaranteed all teachers a minimum raise of $2,000, and provided school districts with the flexibility to deviate from traditional, seniority-based salary schedules. We collected districts' teacher salary schedules one year before and after implementation and integrated these data with administrative records to study districts’ adjustment and teacher retention during the first three years of the reform. We find that districts made the minimum adjustments necessary. These changes increased the competitiveness of starting salaries across districts and reduced salary variation statewide. The Act also substantially increased salaries in rural and high-poverty districts, weakening the negative relationship between starting salaries, student poverty, and rurality. Using a triple-difference design, we find that teachers who received raises exceeding the $2,000 minimum were more likely to remain in the ir districts, with the strongest retention effects among those receiving the largest increases. We also find evidence that these effects may fade as inflation erodes the real value of the initial salary gains.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18520.pdf
IZA DP No. 18550
Olivier B. Bargain, Maria C. Lo Bue, Flaviana Palmisano:
Relative Intergenerational Mobility: A Normative Framework and Evidence from Indonesia
Abstract:
We propose a simple and flexible framework to assess relative intergenerational mobility. The approach defines a dynasty as a parent–child pair, measuring achievement by each individual’s rank within their own generational outcome distribution, and mobility by the change in this rank across generations. This measure accommodates both continuous outcomes, such as potential earnings, and discrete or ordinal outcomes, such as education levels. It also allows for dominance characterizations (e.g., the relative progress made by women vs. men) consistent with social references over desirable mobility patterns. We apply the framework to Indonesia using long-panel data linking parents observed in 1993 to their children in 2014. Results show that a large share of the population escaped illiteracy - an instance of absolute mobility possibly driven by major education reforms. However, relative educational mobility was regressive, as dynasties from higher socio-economic backgrounds prog ressed faster. This pattern limited the overall progressivity of relative earnings mobility. Mobility in both education and potential earnings was markedly more favorable to women.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18550.pdf
IZA DP No. 18596
Daniel D. Schnitzlein, Philipp M. Lersch, Øyvind N. Wiborg:
Intragenerational Mobility in Wealth in Germany, Norway, and Britain: Descriptive Evidence
Abstract:
We study intragenerational wealth rank mobility, investigating three dimensions: (i) wealth mobility over the life cycle, (ii) heterogeneity in mobility among subgroups and wealth components, and (iii) commonalities and differences across divergent country contexts. We use data from Germany (SOEP, N= 12,380 individuals), Norway (administrative register data, N=3,460,602), and Britain (BHPS, N=7,910; UKHLS, N=18,428), examining intraindividual rank-rank correlations, the distribution of rank changes, and rank mobility curves. We find substantial mobility in wealth, which is often of short range. Mobility increases with the observation window (5, 10, 15 years). Wealth mobility is highest in Norway, followed by similar mobilitiy in Britain and Germany. Furthermore, early life cycle stages and parental tertiary education are associated with greater mobility, whereas gender differences are small. Mobility is higher in financial than in housing wealth, but remains substantial in t he latter. Our findings reveal substantial but predominantly short-range wealth mobility, indicating that individual wealth positions are less static than cross-sectional distributions suggest, even as the overall structure of inequality persists.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18596.pdf
These new IZA Discussion Papers are now available online.
DP 18491 - Davis/Ransom/Black/Larson:
Market Size Disparity Moderates Competitive Balance Interventions in US Sports Leagues
DP 18520 - Zamarro/Camp/McGee/Wilson/Vernon:
Raising the Floor: Teacher Retention Effects of a Statewide Minimum Salary Increase
DP 18550 - Bargain/Lo Bue/Palmisano:
Relative Intergenerational Mobility: A Normative Framework and Evidence from Indonesia
DP 18596 - Schnitzlein/Lersch/Wiborg:
Intragenerational Mobility in Wealth in Germany, Norway, and Britain: Descriptive Evidence
Please find the abstracts and download links below.
IZA DP No. 18491
Kyle J. Davis, Tyler Ransom, Christopher Black, Daniel Larson:
Market Size Disparity Moderates Competitive Balance Interventions in US Sports Leagues
Abstract:
This study examines the extent to which market size disparity across franchises—measured as the coefficient of variation of MSA populations—moderates the effectiveness of competitive balance interventions (CBIs) in Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Football League (NFL), the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1967 to 2023. Using two-way fixed effects models with multiple balance measures, we find that CBI effectiveness depends on the distribution of market sizes across league members. Jointly adopting a salary cap and floor improves competitive balance at low levels of market size disparity but is ineffective at high levels. Revenue sharing shows limited effects. Luxury taxes are associated with worsened competitive balance in high-disparity leagues. Our findings demonstrate that market size disparity not only affects competitive balance directly but also determines which interventions succeed. These results have direct re levance to recent discourse on competitive balance in MLB.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18491.pdf
IZA DP No. 18520
Gema Zamarro, Andrew Camp, Josh McGee, Taylor Wilson, Miranda Vernon:
Raising the Floor: Teacher Retention Effects of a Statewide Minimum Salary Increase
Abstract:
The LEARNS Act increased Arkansas's minimum teacher salary from $36,000 to $50,000, guaranteed all teachers a minimum raise of $2,000, and provided school districts with the flexibility to deviate from traditional, seniority-based salary schedules. We collected districts' teacher salary schedules one year before and after implementation and integrated these data with administrative records to study districts’ adjustment and teacher retention during the first three years of the reform. We find that districts made the minimum adjustments necessary. These changes increased the competitiveness of starting salaries across districts and reduced salary variation statewide. The Act also substantially increased salaries in rural and high-poverty districts, weakening the negative relationship between starting salaries, student poverty, and rurality. Using a triple-difference design, we find that teachers who received raises exceeding the $2,000 minimum were more likely to remain in the ir districts, with the strongest retention effects among those receiving the largest increases. We also find evidence that these effects may fade as inflation erodes the real value of the initial salary gains.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18520.pdf
IZA DP No. 18550
Olivier B. Bargain, Maria C. Lo Bue, Flaviana Palmisano:
Relative Intergenerational Mobility: A Normative Framework and Evidence from Indonesia
Abstract:
We propose a simple and flexible framework to assess relative intergenerational mobility. The approach defines a dynasty as a parent–child pair, measuring achievement by each individual’s rank within their own generational outcome distribution, and mobility by the change in this rank across generations. This measure accommodates both continuous outcomes, such as potential earnings, and discrete or ordinal outcomes, such as education levels. It also allows for dominance characterizations (e.g., the relative progress made by women vs. men) consistent with social references over desirable mobility patterns. We apply the framework to Indonesia using long-panel data linking parents observed in 1993 to their children in 2014. Results show that a large share of the population escaped illiteracy - an instance of absolute mobility possibly driven by major education reforms. However, relative educational mobility was regressive, as dynasties from higher socio-economic backgrounds prog ressed faster. This pattern limited the overall progressivity of relative earnings mobility. Mobility in both education and potential earnings was markedly more favorable to women.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18550.pdf
IZA DP No. 18596
Daniel D. Schnitzlein, Philipp M. Lersch, Øyvind N. Wiborg:
Intragenerational Mobility in Wealth in Germany, Norway, and Britain: Descriptive Evidence
Abstract:
We study intragenerational wealth rank mobility, investigating three dimensions: (i) wealth mobility over the life cycle, (ii) heterogeneity in mobility among subgroups and wealth components, and (iii) commonalities and differences across divergent country contexts. We use data from Germany (SOEP, N= 12,380 individuals), Norway (administrative register data, N=3,460,602), and Britain (BHPS, N=7,910; UKHLS, N=18,428), examining intraindividual rank-rank correlations, the distribution of rank changes, and rank mobility curves. We find substantial mobility in wealth, which is often of short range. Mobility increases with the observation window (5, 10, 15 years). Wealth mobility is highest in Norway, followed by similar mobilitiy in Britain and Germany. Furthermore, early life cycle stages and parental tertiary education are associated with greater mobility, whereas gender differences are small. Mobility is higher in financial than in housing wealth, but remains substantial in t he latter. Our findings reveal substantial but predominantly short-range wealth mobility, indicating that individual wealth positions are less static than cross-sectional distributions suggest, even as the overall structure of inequality persists.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18596.pdf
IZA DP Alerts | www.iza.org
If you have trouble downloading the papers, or for any other questions regarding the IZA Discussion Paper Series, please contact iza...@liser.lu.
IZA@LISER Network
Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER)
11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366 Esch-sur-Alzette / Belval
Privacy Policy | Manage your subscriptions
If you have trouble downloading the papers, or for any other questions regarding the IZA Discussion Paper Series, please contact iza...@liser.lu.
IZA@LISER Network
Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER)
11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366 Esch-sur-Alzette / Belval
Privacy Policy | Manage your subscriptions
IZA DP Alerts
May 20, 2026, 9:11:14 AMMay 20
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