New IZA DPs -- Methods
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IZA Publications
Sep 14, 2025, 1:21:50 PMSep 14
to it...@umich.edu
Dear Italo Gutierrez,
These new IZA Discussion Papers are now available online.
DP 18009 - Hossain/Fossen/Mukhopadhyay:
An Estimated Model of Employer and Non-Employer Entrepreneurship
DP 18072 - Crépon/Elsayed/Gazeaud:
Unbiased and Accurate: Measuring Sensitive Outcomes Through Ballot-Bag Surveys
DP 18075 - Grund/Monschau:
Facing Inflated Rules – Experimental Evidence from Threshold Public Goods Games
DP 18091 - Chernozhukov/Fernández-Val/Meier/van Vuuren/Vella:
Bivariate Distribution Regression; Theory, Estimation and an Application to Intergenerational Mobility
Please find the abstracts and download links below.
IZA DP No. 18009
Md Mobarak Hossain, Frank M. Fossen, Sankar Mukhopadhyay:
An Estimated Model of Employer and Non-Employer Entrepreneurship
Abstract:
What motivates individuals to become entrepreneurs and create jobs? We develop and estimate a dynamic structural microeconometric model that accounts for both employer and non-employer entrepreneurs. Individuals in each period choose to work as an employee, as one of the two entrepreneur types, or remain non-employed. Different work experiences may affect earnings in the three sectors differently. The estimated model replicates key data patterns. The results suggest that experience in employment provides positive returns in entrepreneurship, but entrepreneurial experience does not have positive returns in employment. The model is used to simulate how policy scenarios would affect individuals' entrepreneurial choices.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18009.pdf
IZA DP No. 18072
Bruno Crépon, Ahmed Elsayed, Jules Gazeaud:
Unbiased and Accurate: Measuring Sensitive Outcomes Through Ballot-Bag Surveys
Abstract:
Prevailing methods for measuring sensitive outcomes confront researchers with an inherent bias-variance trade-off: direct questioning is prone to a sensitivity bias, while indirect methods such as list experiments are substantially less precise. We introduce the ballot-bag, a novel technique that relaxes this trade-off by mitigating bias in direct questioning while improving precision over indirect methods. In a field experiment in Egypt, where direct questions on irregular migration are biased, ballot-bag estimates closely align with those from a list experiment but exhibit significantly lower variance. Consequently, treatment effects are highly significant via the ballot-bag and not via the list experiment.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18072.pdf
IZA DP No. 18075
Christian Grund, Philipp Monschau:
Facing Inflated Rules – Experimental Evidence from Threshold Public Goods Games
Abstract:
We study the role of purpose-based rules for behavior and outcomes in a threshold public good game. Rules can be sufficient or even inflated in terms of proposing a fulfilling behavior. We conduct a lab experiment to describe the implications caused by the inflation of a rule. Our study shows that inflated rules are obeyed less. Yet, rule-following occurs also with inflated rules which leads to lower efficiency regarding exactly providing the threshold. A fair share option can help to coordinate efficiently. We complement our analysis by the investigation of the role of the implemented rules for the ex-post optimal behavior, i.e. evaluating the individual contribution depending on the individual payoff.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18075.pdf
IZA DP No. 18091
Victor Chernozhukov, Iván Fernández-Val, Jonas Meier, Aico van Vuuren, Francis Vella:
Bivariate Distribution Regression; Theory, Estimation and an Application to Intergenerational Mobility
Abstract:
We employ distribution regression to estimate the joint distribution of two outcome variables conditional on covariates. Bivariate Distribution Regression (BDR) is particularly valuable when some dependence between the outcomes persists after accounting for the impact of the covariates. Our analysis relies on Chernozhukov et al. (2018) which shows that any conditional joint distribution has a local Gaussian representation. We describe how BDR can be implemented and present some functionals of interest. As modeling the unexplained dependence is a key feature of BDR, we focus on functionals related to this dependence. We decompose the difference between the joint distributions for different groups into composition, marginal and sorting effects. We provide a similar decomposition for the transition matrices which describe how location in the distribution of one outcome is associated with location in the other. Our theoretical contributions are the derivation of the properties o f these estimated functionals and appropriate procedures for inference. Our empirical illustration focuses on intergenerational mobility. Using the Panel Survey of Income Dynamics data, we model the joint distribution of parents’ and children’s earnings.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18091.pdf
Please click here to change your subscription status.
If you have trouble downloading the papers, or for any other questions regarding the IZA Discussion Paper Series, contact public...@iza.org.
These new IZA Discussion Papers are now available online.
DP 18009 - Hossain/Fossen/Mukhopadhyay:
An Estimated Model of Employer and Non-Employer Entrepreneurship
DP 18072 - Crépon/Elsayed/Gazeaud:
Unbiased and Accurate: Measuring Sensitive Outcomes Through Ballot-Bag Surveys
DP 18075 - Grund/Monschau:
Facing Inflated Rules – Experimental Evidence from Threshold Public Goods Games
DP 18091 - Chernozhukov/Fernández-Val/Meier/van Vuuren/Vella:
Bivariate Distribution Regression; Theory, Estimation and an Application to Intergenerational Mobility
Please find the abstracts and download links below.
IZA DP No. 18009
Md Mobarak Hossain, Frank M. Fossen, Sankar Mukhopadhyay:
An Estimated Model of Employer and Non-Employer Entrepreneurship
Abstract:
What motivates individuals to become entrepreneurs and create jobs? We develop and estimate a dynamic structural microeconometric model that accounts for both employer and non-employer entrepreneurs. Individuals in each period choose to work as an employee, as one of the two entrepreneur types, or remain non-employed. Different work experiences may affect earnings in the three sectors differently. The estimated model replicates key data patterns. The results suggest that experience in employment provides positive returns in entrepreneurship, but entrepreneurial experience does not have positive returns in employment. The model is used to simulate how policy scenarios would affect individuals' entrepreneurial choices.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18009.pdf
IZA DP No. 18072
Bruno Crépon, Ahmed Elsayed, Jules Gazeaud:
Unbiased and Accurate: Measuring Sensitive Outcomes Through Ballot-Bag Surveys
Abstract:
Prevailing methods for measuring sensitive outcomes confront researchers with an inherent bias-variance trade-off: direct questioning is prone to a sensitivity bias, while indirect methods such as list experiments are substantially less precise. We introduce the ballot-bag, a novel technique that relaxes this trade-off by mitigating bias in direct questioning while improving precision over indirect methods. In a field experiment in Egypt, where direct questions on irregular migration are biased, ballot-bag estimates closely align with those from a list experiment but exhibit significantly lower variance. Consequently, treatment effects are highly significant via the ballot-bag and not via the list experiment.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18072.pdf
IZA DP No. 18075
Christian Grund, Philipp Monschau:
Facing Inflated Rules – Experimental Evidence from Threshold Public Goods Games
Abstract:
We study the role of purpose-based rules for behavior and outcomes in a threshold public good game. Rules can be sufficient or even inflated in terms of proposing a fulfilling behavior. We conduct a lab experiment to describe the implications caused by the inflation of a rule. Our study shows that inflated rules are obeyed less. Yet, rule-following occurs also with inflated rules which leads to lower efficiency regarding exactly providing the threshold. A fair share option can help to coordinate efficiently. We complement our analysis by the investigation of the role of the implemented rules for the ex-post optimal behavior, i.e. evaluating the individual contribution depending on the individual payoff.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18075.pdf
IZA DP No. 18091
Victor Chernozhukov, Iván Fernández-Val, Jonas Meier, Aico van Vuuren, Francis Vella:
Bivariate Distribution Regression; Theory, Estimation and an Application to Intergenerational Mobility
Abstract:
We employ distribution regression to estimate the joint distribution of two outcome variables conditional on covariates. Bivariate Distribution Regression (BDR) is particularly valuable when some dependence between the outcomes persists after accounting for the impact of the covariates. Our analysis relies on Chernozhukov et al. (2018) which shows that any conditional joint distribution has a local Gaussian representation. We describe how BDR can be implemented and present some functionals of interest. As modeling the unexplained dependence is a key feature of BDR, we focus on functionals related to this dependence. We decompose the difference between the joint distributions for different groups into composition, marginal and sorting effects. We provide a similar decomposition for the transition matrices which describe how location in the distribution of one outcome is associated with location in the other. Our theoretical contributions are the derivation of the properties o f these estimated functionals and appropriate procedures for inference. Our empirical illustration focuses on intergenerational mobility. Using the Panel Survey of Income Dynamics data, we model the joint distribution of parents’ and children’s earnings.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18091.pdf
Please click here to change your subscription status.
If you have trouble downloading the papers, or for any other questions regarding the IZA Discussion Paper Series, contact public...@iza.org.
IZA Publications
Sep 14, 2025, 1:23:41 PMSep 14
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