New IZA DPs -- Migration
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IZA DP Alerts
May 21, 2026, 9:09:23 AMMay 21
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IZA Discussion Papers
Dear Italo Gutierrez,
These new IZA Discussion Papers are now available online.
DP 18478 - Portes/Springford:
The Impact of Brexit on UK Immigration and Labour Supply: Evidence from Synthetic Differences in Differences
DP 18480 - Dziadula/Zavodny:
What Explains the Increase in Immigrants' Educational Attainment in the United States?
DP 18487 - Borjas:
The H-1B Wage Gap, Visa Fees, and Employer Demand
DP 18509 - Bekhtiar/Winter-Ebmer:
Mitigating Mobility Frictions: The Effect of Cash-on-Hand on Labor Mobility
DP 18525 - Petrovi?/van Ham/Manley/Tammaru:
A Comparative, Multiscalar, and Multidimensional Study of Residential Segregation in Seven European Capital Cities
DP 18526 - Capretti/Centofanti/Farcomeni/Rosati:
Where You Arrive Matters: Local Conditions and Migration Duration. Evidence from Italian Registry Data
DP 18544 - Lavecchia/McKercher/Tazhitdinova:
Should I Stay or Should I Go? The Impact of Taxation on Canadian Inter-Provincial Migration
DP 18548 - Clemens/Neufeld/Nice:
Brain Freeze: How International Student Exclusion Will Shape the STEM Workforce and Economic Growth in the United States
DP 18570 - Gehrke:
Migration Opportunities and Human Capital Investments
DP 18590 - Cole/Koster/Ozgen/Yumoto:
Invisible Immigrants? Urbanisation, Co-National Density and the Legal Integration of Refugees
DP 18613 - Hadah:
Immigration Enforcement, Sanctuary Cities, and Rising Hispanic Suicide Rates
DP 18615 - Molina/Siegal/Choi:
Migration Responses to State Abortion Policy
Please find the abstracts and download links below.
IZA DP No. 18478
Jonathan Portes, John Springford:
The Impact of Brexit on UK Immigration and Labour Supply: Evidence from Synthetic Differences in Differences
Abstract:
This paper estimates the causal impact of Brexit on migrant employment in the United Kingdom using a synthetic difference-in-differences (SDID) framework. We construct a counterfactual trajectory for the UK based on a weighted combination of comparable European economies and compare post-referendum outcomes to this benchmark. Rather than analysing migration flows, which are subject to substantial revision and comparability issues, we focus on employment stocks of foreign-born workers using administrative payroll data. We find that Brexit led to a large compositional shift in migrant labour supply and a modest change in its overall size. Employment of EU-origin workers declined substantially relative to the counterfactual following the 2016 referendum and the subsequent end of free movement. However, this decline was more than offset by a sharp increase in employment among non-EU workers after the introduction of the post-Brexit immigration system in 2021. By 2024, total foreign-born employment is about 0.6% higher than in the absence of Brexit. Brexit did not reduce migrant labour supply as widely expected, but instead reconfigured its composition, and highlight the interaction between migration policy and labour demand.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18478.pdf
IZA DP No. 18480
Eva Dziadula, Madeline Zavodny:
What Explains the Increase in Immigrants' Educational Attainment in the United States?
Abstract:
The educational distribution of U.S. immigrants shifted significantly to the right in recent decades as the share without a high school diploma fell and the share with a bachelor's degree rose. This improvement coincided with a shift in immigrants' origins toward Asia and rising global education levels. This study examines how much of the change in immigrants' educational distribution over 2000-2019 is due to changes in their distribution across origin countries versus rising attainment among immigrants within origin countries. We demonstrate that within-country changes account for most of the observed increase in the educational distribution. In contrast, changes in where immigrants originated played a minimal role. Finally, we show that economic conditions in origin countries can explain little of this rise, whereas demographic trends and the skill composition of U.S. temporary worker visas are significantly related to changes in immigrants' educational distribution.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18480.pdf
IZA DP No. 18487
George J. Borjas:
The H-1B Wage Gap, Visa Fees, and Employer Demand
Abstract:
The H-1B program lets firms hire high-skill foreign workers for a six-year term. The annual number of visas allocated to for-profit firms is capped at 85,000 and there is excess demand for those visas. The analysis merges administrative data, including the I-129 petitions that report the wage offer made to specific H-1B beneficiaries, with the American Community Surveys. On average, H-1B workers earn 15 percent less than comparable natives, suggesting that firms may be willing to pay a one-time fee to obtain the visas. The data are examined using a labor demand model to simulate how a fee alters the hiring decision. For moderate levels of excess demand, the revenue maximizing fee ranges from $97,000 to $154,000 after allowing for unobserved productivity gains or costs associated with an H-1B hire, and for wage growth and job turnover in the H-1B workforce. The fee also changes the skill composition of that workforce, making it more skilled.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18487.pdf
IZA DP No. 18509
Karim Bekhtiar, Rudolf Winter-Ebmer:
Mitigating Mobility Frictions: The Effect of Cash-on-Hand on Labor Mobility
Abstract:
Providing recently laid off workers with cash benefits may help them overcome mobility costs and thereby stimulate labor mobility. On the other hand, cash benefits may dampen the employment shock and reduce the incentive to move. In this paper, we test these two competing mechanisms against each other. For this we use a severance pay regulation in Austria, which generated a sharp cutoff after which workers became eligible to a severance payment of two monthly salaries. Our results indicate that this cash payment increased labor mobility by around 8% to 12%. This increase is much stronger for worker groups with lower baseline mobility rates.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18509.pdf
IZA DP No. 18525
Ana Petrovi?, Maarten van Ham, David Manley, Tiit Tammaru:
A Comparative, Multiscalar, and Multidimensional Study of Residential Segregation in Seven European Capital Cities
Abstract:
There are relatively few comparative cross-European studies on segregation, and those that do exist often use a single measure of segregation at a single spatial scale. This paper investigates ethnic segregation in seven European capitals – Amsterdam, Berlin, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Paris, and Rome – using the five dimensions of segregation (centralisation, evenness, exposure, clustering, and concentration) at multiple spatial scales. For each dimension, we found very different levels of segregation. Moreover, the impact of scale was different in both between and within cities relative to their cores and hinterlands. Crucially, we found that segregation does not necessarily decrease with spatial scale.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18525.pdf
IZA DP No. 18526
Lisa Capretti, Francesca Centofanti, Alessio Farcomeni, Furio C. Rosati:
Where You Arrive Matters: Local Conditions and Migration Duration. Evidence from Italian Registry Data
Abstract:
This paper examines temporary migration and return decisions among immigrants in Italy using a novel administrative dataset covering 3.7 million foreign-born individuals between 2011 and 2022. By reconstructing individual migration histories, we estimate migration duration using parametric survival models, quantile regressions for interval-censored data, competing risk models, and a split cure model that distinguishes permanent settlement from the timing of exit. Results show that out-migration is concentrated in the first five years after arrival, while most migrants remain in Italy over the 12-year observation window. Age and gender matter, but local conditions within Italy strongly shape migration duration. Higher local incomes are associated with longer stays, while higher rental prices accelerate departures. Regional disparities also matter independently of economic variables: migrants in the South and Islands remain significantly longer than those in the North. These fi ndings show that heterogeneity within host countries, rather than national averages alone, shapes migration trajectories and highlights the importance of local labor markets and living conditions.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18526.pdf
IZA DP No. 18544
Adam M. Lavecchia, Robert McKercher, Alisa Tazhitdinova:
Should I Stay or Should I Go? The Impact of Taxation on Canadian Inter-Provincial Migration
Abstract:
This paper estimates the causal effect of income taxation on inter-provincial migration in Canada. We exploit a major tax decentralization reform between 1998-2001 that led to some provinces lowering their marginal and average tax rates more than others, particularly for top earners. Using a difference-in-differences design, we estimate a population stock-elasticity with respect to the net-of-average-tax rate of about 2.5-3 for young, unmarried high-income individuals. The estimates for older and married individuals are smaller and mostly statistically insignificant. We find that the population stock elasticity estimates are driven by a reduction the likelihood that young, unmarried and high-income individuals emigrate from their province of residence (i.e. out-migration) rather than a change to in-migration. This suggests that individuals react more strongly to tax changes in their home province rather than tax changes in other provinces.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18544.pdf
IZA DP No. 18548
Michael A. Clemens, Jeremy Neufeld, Amy M. Nice:
Brain Freeze: How International Student Exclusion Will Shape the STEM Workforce and Economic Growth in the United States
Abstract:
This paper examines how proposed U.S. restrictions on international students would affect the nation’s STEM workforce and long-run economic growth. Focusing on the most common pipeline from U.S. universities to the labor market, we show that international education is the principal mechanism by which the United States recruits and retains high-skill STEM talent. We present survey evidence suggesting that proposed policy changes will deter substantial numbers of international students from studying in the United States and remaining in its workforce after graduation. We then estimate the effects of plausible policy-induced declines in the number of foreign STEM graduates entering the U.S. workforce. A sustained one-third reduction would shrink the high-skill STEM workforce by about 6 percent overall, potentially by more than 11 percent at the Ph.D. level, and would lead to long-run GDP losses of $240 billion to $481 billion annually. These losses are unlikely to be offset by U .S.-born workers or foreign-trained workers abroad. Drawing on evidence on innovation, entrepreneurship, and spillovers, we conclude that restricting this talent pipeline would weaken innovative capacity and long-run productivity in the U.S. economy.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18548.pdf
IZA DP No. 18570
Esther Gehrke:
Migration Opportunities and Human Capital Investments
Abstract:
We examine how shocks to migration opportunities affect schooling outcomes in origin communities. We focus on the migration between Mexico and the United States, and exploit the expansion of the Secure Communities program in the US - a federal data-sharing program that substantially increased the risk of deportation for illegal migrants - as exogenous shock to the attractiveness of illegal migration. Our results suggest that the Secure Communities program increased attendance, enrollment, and educational attainment in municipalities that had stronger migration network links with counties in the US that adopted the program early-on relative to municipalities that had ties with US counties that introduced the policy somewhat later. These results are consistent with the interpretation that the Secure Communities program raised the returns to education for prospective migrants by making low-skill migration to the US less attractive.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18570.pdf
IZA DP No. 18590
Matthew A. Cole, Hans R.A. Koster, Ceren Ozgen, Hiromi Yumoto:
Invisible Immigrants? Urbanisation, Co-National Density and the Legal Integration of Refugees
Abstract:
Using the quasi-random allocation of refugees and detailed administrative data, we examine the effect of urban density on refugees’ decisions to naturalise. Our results indicate that refugees assigned to urban areas are more likely to naturalise, largely due to a higher density of co-national networks. We find that a one standard deviation increase in co-national density increases the likelihood of naturalising by 1.3 percentage points. Our findings remain robust even after accounting for factors such as labour market effects and public attitudes and seem to stem from the reduced information costs and strength of weak ties within co-national networks.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18590.pdf
IZA DP No. 18613
Hussain Hadah:
Immigration Enforcement, Sanctuary Cities, and Rising Hispanic Suicide Rates
Abstract:
I estimate the causal impact of the US Secure Communities (SC) program, which expanded deportation risk nationwide, on Hispanic suicide rates. Using the staggered county rollout (2008–2013) and a triple difference-in-differences design, I identify heterogeneous effects relative to non-Hispanic Whites. Among adults 34 and older, SC increases suicides by 2 percent, driven entirely by men, who experience a 12 percent rise, while women see declines. Effects are strongest for men 45 and older. I find that local employment conditions likely drive these effects, as lower unemployment mitigates impacts and deaths of despair among Hispanic men rise substantially.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18613.pdf
IZA DP No. 18615
Teresa Molina, Nicole Siegal, Jaehyun Choi:
Migration Responses to State Abortion Policy
Abstract:
This paper examines whether and how migration decisions respond to state-level changes in abortion policy in the United States. Using information on gestational age limit abortion restrictions and interstate migration from 2006-2019, we estimate a gravity model of migration. We predict bilateral migration flows using gestational age restrictions in the origin and destination states, a variety of economic, demographic, and political control variables for both states, as well as state-pair and year fixed effects. While out-migration does not respond to gestational age restrictions, in-migration does: individuals are significantly less likely to move to states that implement a 20-week gestational age limit (the most restrictive policy in our study period). Heterogeneity analysis reveals similar effects for men and women, and large effects for women past reproductive age, suggesting these effects are driven at least in part by ideological preferences, not just the potential futur e need for an abortion. Results are robust to the use of an extended two-way fixed effects (ETWFE) estimator that accounts for heterogeneous treatment effects with staggered treatment adoption in non-linear models.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18615.pdf
These new IZA Discussion Papers are now available online.
DP 18478 - Portes/Springford:
The Impact of Brexit on UK Immigration and Labour Supply: Evidence from Synthetic Differences in Differences
DP 18480 - Dziadula/Zavodny:
What Explains the Increase in Immigrants' Educational Attainment in the United States?
DP 18487 - Borjas:
The H-1B Wage Gap, Visa Fees, and Employer Demand
DP 18509 - Bekhtiar/Winter-Ebmer:
Mitigating Mobility Frictions: The Effect of Cash-on-Hand on Labor Mobility
DP 18525 - Petrovi?/van Ham/Manley/Tammaru:
A Comparative, Multiscalar, and Multidimensional Study of Residential Segregation in Seven European Capital Cities
DP 18526 - Capretti/Centofanti/Farcomeni/Rosati:
Where You Arrive Matters: Local Conditions and Migration Duration. Evidence from Italian Registry Data
DP 18544 - Lavecchia/McKercher/Tazhitdinova:
Should I Stay or Should I Go? The Impact of Taxation on Canadian Inter-Provincial Migration
DP 18548 - Clemens/Neufeld/Nice:
Brain Freeze: How International Student Exclusion Will Shape the STEM Workforce and Economic Growth in the United States
DP 18570 - Gehrke:
Migration Opportunities and Human Capital Investments
DP 18590 - Cole/Koster/Ozgen/Yumoto:
Invisible Immigrants? Urbanisation, Co-National Density and the Legal Integration of Refugees
DP 18613 - Hadah:
Immigration Enforcement, Sanctuary Cities, and Rising Hispanic Suicide Rates
DP 18615 - Molina/Siegal/Choi:
Migration Responses to State Abortion Policy
Please find the abstracts and download links below.
IZA DP No. 18478
Jonathan Portes, John Springford:
The Impact of Brexit on UK Immigration and Labour Supply: Evidence from Synthetic Differences in Differences
Abstract:
This paper estimates the causal impact of Brexit on migrant employment in the United Kingdom using a synthetic difference-in-differences (SDID) framework. We construct a counterfactual trajectory for the UK based on a weighted combination of comparable European economies and compare post-referendum outcomes to this benchmark. Rather than analysing migration flows, which are subject to substantial revision and comparability issues, we focus on employment stocks of foreign-born workers using administrative payroll data. We find that Brexit led to a large compositional shift in migrant labour supply and a modest change in its overall size. Employment of EU-origin workers declined substantially relative to the counterfactual following the 2016 referendum and the subsequent end of free movement. However, this decline was more than offset by a sharp increase in employment among non-EU workers after the introduction of the post-Brexit immigration system in 2021. By 2024, total foreign-born employment is about 0.6% higher than in the absence of Brexit. Brexit did not reduce migrant labour supply as widely expected, but instead reconfigured its composition, and highlight the interaction between migration policy and labour demand.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18478.pdf
IZA DP No. 18480
Eva Dziadula, Madeline Zavodny:
What Explains the Increase in Immigrants' Educational Attainment in the United States?
Abstract:
The educational distribution of U.S. immigrants shifted significantly to the right in recent decades as the share without a high school diploma fell and the share with a bachelor's degree rose. This improvement coincided with a shift in immigrants' origins toward Asia and rising global education levels. This study examines how much of the change in immigrants' educational distribution over 2000-2019 is due to changes in their distribution across origin countries versus rising attainment among immigrants within origin countries. We demonstrate that within-country changes account for most of the observed increase in the educational distribution. In contrast, changes in where immigrants originated played a minimal role. Finally, we show that economic conditions in origin countries can explain little of this rise, whereas demographic trends and the skill composition of U.S. temporary worker visas are significantly related to changes in immigrants' educational distribution.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18480.pdf
IZA DP No. 18487
George J. Borjas:
The H-1B Wage Gap, Visa Fees, and Employer Demand
Abstract:
The H-1B program lets firms hire high-skill foreign workers for a six-year term. The annual number of visas allocated to for-profit firms is capped at 85,000 and there is excess demand for those visas. The analysis merges administrative data, including the I-129 petitions that report the wage offer made to specific H-1B beneficiaries, with the American Community Surveys. On average, H-1B workers earn 15 percent less than comparable natives, suggesting that firms may be willing to pay a one-time fee to obtain the visas. The data are examined using a labor demand model to simulate how a fee alters the hiring decision. For moderate levels of excess demand, the revenue maximizing fee ranges from $97,000 to $154,000 after allowing for unobserved productivity gains or costs associated with an H-1B hire, and for wage growth and job turnover in the H-1B workforce. The fee also changes the skill composition of that workforce, making it more skilled.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18487.pdf
IZA DP No. 18509
Karim Bekhtiar, Rudolf Winter-Ebmer:
Mitigating Mobility Frictions: The Effect of Cash-on-Hand on Labor Mobility
Abstract:
Providing recently laid off workers with cash benefits may help them overcome mobility costs and thereby stimulate labor mobility. On the other hand, cash benefits may dampen the employment shock and reduce the incentive to move. In this paper, we test these two competing mechanisms against each other. For this we use a severance pay regulation in Austria, which generated a sharp cutoff after which workers became eligible to a severance payment of two monthly salaries. Our results indicate that this cash payment increased labor mobility by around 8% to 12%. This increase is much stronger for worker groups with lower baseline mobility rates.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18509.pdf
IZA DP No. 18525
Ana Petrovi?, Maarten van Ham, David Manley, Tiit Tammaru:
A Comparative, Multiscalar, and Multidimensional Study of Residential Segregation in Seven European Capital Cities
Abstract:
There are relatively few comparative cross-European studies on segregation, and those that do exist often use a single measure of segregation at a single spatial scale. This paper investigates ethnic segregation in seven European capitals – Amsterdam, Berlin, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Paris, and Rome – using the five dimensions of segregation (centralisation, evenness, exposure, clustering, and concentration) at multiple spatial scales. For each dimension, we found very different levels of segregation. Moreover, the impact of scale was different in both between and within cities relative to their cores and hinterlands. Crucially, we found that segregation does not necessarily decrease with spatial scale.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18525.pdf
IZA DP No. 18526
Lisa Capretti, Francesca Centofanti, Alessio Farcomeni, Furio C. Rosati:
Where You Arrive Matters: Local Conditions and Migration Duration. Evidence from Italian Registry Data
Abstract:
This paper examines temporary migration and return decisions among immigrants in Italy using a novel administrative dataset covering 3.7 million foreign-born individuals between 2011 and 2022. By reconstructing individual migration histories, we estimate migration duration using parametric survival models, quantile regressions for interval-censored data, competing risk models, and a split cure model that distinguishes permanent settlement from the timing of exit. Results show that out-migration is concentrated in the first five years after arrival, while most migrants remain in Italy over the 12-year observation window. Age and gender matter, but local conditions within Italy strongly shape migration duration. Higher local incomes are associated with longer stays, while higher rental prices accelerate departures. Regional disparities also matter independently of economic variables: migrants in the South and Islands remain significantly longer than those in the North. These fi ndings show that heterogeneity within host countries, rather than national averages alone, shapes migration trajectories and highlights the importance of local labor markets and living conditions.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18526.pdf
IZA DP No. 18544
Adam M. Lavecchia, Robert McKercher, Alisa Tazhitdinova:
Should I Stay or Should I Go? The Impact of Taxation on Canadian Inter-Provincial Migration
Abstract:
This paper estimates the causal effect of income taxation on inter-provincial migration in Canada. We exploit a major tax decentralization reform between 1998-2001 that led to some provinces lowering their marginal and average tax rates more than others, particularly for top earners. Using a difference-in-differences design, we estimate a population stock-elasticity with respect to the net-of-average-tax rate of about 2.5-3 for young, unmarried high-income individuals. The estimates for older and married individuals are smaller and mostly statistically insignificant. We find that the population stock elasticity estimates are driven by a reduction the likelihood that young, unmarried and high-income individuals emigrate from their province of residence (i.e. out-migration) rather than a change to in-migration. This suggests that individuals react more strongly to tax changes in their home province rather than tax changes in other provinces.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18544.pdf
IZA DP No. 18548
Michael A. Clemens, Jeremy Neufeld, Amy M. Nice:
Brain Freeze: How International Student Exclusion Will Shape the STEM Workforce and Economic Growth in the United States
Abstract:
This paper examines how proposed U.S. restrictions on international students would affect the nation’s STEM workforce and long-run economic growth. Focusing on the most common pipeline from U.S. universities to the labor market, we show that international education is the principal mechanism by which the United States recruits and retains high-skill STEM talent. We present survey evidence suggesting that proposed policy changes will deter substantial numbers of international students from studying in the United States and remaining in its workforce after graduation. We then estimate the effects of plausible policy-induced declines in the number of foreign STEM graduates entering the U.S. workforce. A sustained one-third reduction would shrink the high-skill STEM workforce by about 6 percent overall, potentially by more than 11 percent at the Ph.D. level, and would lead to long-run GDP losses of $240 billion to $481 billion annually. These losses are unlikely to be offset by U .S.-born workers or foreign-trained workers abroad. Drawing on evidence on innovation, entrepreneurship, and spillovers, we conclude that restricting this talent pipeline would weaken innovative capacity and long-run productivity in the U.S. economy.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18548.pdf
IZA DP No. 18570
Esther Gehrke:
Migration Opportunities and Human Capital Investments
Abstract:
We examine how shocks to migration opportunities affect schooling outcomes in origin communities. We focus on the migration between Mexico and the United States, and exploit the expansion of the Secure Communities program in the US - a federal data-sharing program that substantially increased the risk of deportation for illegal migrants - as exogenous shock to the attractiveness of illegal migration. Our results suggest that the Secure Communities program increased attendance, enrollment, and educational attainment in municipalities that had stronger migration network links with counties in the US that adopted the program early-on relative to municipalities that had ties with US counties that introduced the policy somewhat later. These results are consistent with the interpretation that the Secure Communities program raised the returns to education for prospective migrants by making low-skill migration to the US less attractive.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18570.pdf
IZA DP No. 18590
Matthew A. Cole, Hans R.A. Koster, Ceren Ozgen, Hiromi Yumoto:
Invisible Immigrants? Urbanisation, Co-National Density and the Legal Integration of Refugees
Abstract:
Using the quasi-random allocation of refugees and detailed administrative data, we examine the effect of urban density on refugees’ decisions to naturalise. Our results indicate that refugees assigned to urban areas are more likely to naturalise, largely due to a higher density of co-national networks. We find that a one standard deviation increase in co-national density increases the likelihood of naturalising by 1.3 percentage points. Our findings remain robust even after accounting for factors such as labour market effects and public attitudes and seem to stem from the reduced information costs and strength of weak ties within co-national networks.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18590.pdf
IZA DP No. 18613
Hussain Hadah:
Immigration Enforcement, Sanctuary Cities, and Rising Hispanic Suicide Rates
Abstract:
I estimate the causal impact of the US Secure Communities (SC) program, which expanded deportation risk nationwide, on Hispanic suicide rates. Using the staggered county rollout (2008–2013) and a triple difference-in-differences design, I identify heterogeneous effects relative to non-Hispanic Whites. Among adults 34 and older, SC increases suicides by 2 percent, driven entirely by men, who experience a 12 percent rise, while women see declines. Effects are strongest for men 45 and older. I find that local employment conditions likely drive these effects, as lower unemployment mitigates impacts and deaths of despair among Hispanic men rise substantially.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18613.pdf
IZA DP No. 18615
Teresa Molina, Nicole Siegal, Jaehyun Choi:
Migration Responses to State Abortion Policy
Abstract:
This paper examines whether and how migration decisions respond to state-level changes in abortion policy in the United States. Using information on gestational age limit abortion restrictions and interstate migration from 2006-2019, we estimate a gravity model of migration. We predict bilateral migration flows using gestational age restrictions in the origin and destination states, a variety of economic, demographic, and political control variables for both states, as well as state-pair and year fixed effects. While out-migration does not respond to gestational age restrictions, in-migration does: individuals are significantly less likely to move to states that implement a 20-week gestational age limit (the most restrictive policy in our study period). Heterogeneity analysis reveals similar effects for men and women, and large effects for women past reproductive age, suggesting these effects are driven at least in part by ideological preferences, not just the potential futur e need for an abortion. Results are robust to the use of an extended two-way fixed effects (ETWFE) estimator that accounts for heterogeneous treatment effects with staggered treatment adoption in non-linear models.
https://docs.iza.org/dp18615.pdf
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If you have trouble downloading the papers, or for any other questions regarding the IZA Discussion Paper Series, please contact iza...@liser.lu.
IZA@LISER Network
Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER)
11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366 Esch-sur-Alzette / Belval
Privacy Policy | Manage your subscriptions
If you have trouble downloading the papers, or for any other questions regarding the IZA Discussion Paper Series, please contact iza...@liser.lu.
IZA@LISER Network
Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER)
11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366 Esch-sur-Alzette / Belval
Privacy Policy | Manage your subscriptions
IZA DP Alerts
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