Arabic Language Lesson 4.12: الْجُملةُ اَلْفِعْلِيَةُ "The Verbal Sentence"

[Waseem Anwar]

In the name of Allah, most Gracious, most Merciful.   If you are unable to see arabic text please go to main menu of your internet browser and follow the steps: View --> Encoding --> More --> Unicode (UTF-8). Inshallah this will help you.   If you are still unable to see the arabic text please click below for this lesson: http://www.madinaharabic.com/Arabic_Language_Course/Lessons/MB1_Lesson_004/MB1_L4_section_012.htm   You can find previous missed Lesson at: www.madinaharabic.com   (٤) الدرسُ الرابعُ - Lesson 4  الْجُملةُ اَلْفِعْلِيَةُ "The Verbal Sentence"
	In this part of lesson we will Insha Allah learn The Verbal Sentence, this is called "Jumlatun Fe'liyatun" جُمْلَةٌ فِعْلِيَّةٌ in Arabic Please read the following sentences carefully:   Verbal Sentence (Jumla Fe'liya) جُمْلَةٌ فِعْلِيَّةٌ Arabic:  ذَهَبَ أَحْمَدُ إلَى الْجَامِعَةِ Transliteration:  Dhahaba Ahmadun ilal jami'ati
Literary Reading:	Went Ahmad to the university
Arabic:	خَرَجَ الْمُدَرِّسُ مِنْ فَصْلٍ
Transliteration:	Kharaja almudarrisu min faslin
Literary Reading:	Went out the teacher of a class

• The two sentences above are the examples of  verbal sentence "Jumlatun Fe'liyatun".

• A verbal sentence is called Jumla Fe'liya and the rules relating to such sentences are:

  1. It always starts with a verb.  

  2. It has three parts.

• The first part is a word that describes an action. This word is called "Verb" in English language and "Fe'lun" in Arabic. In English language the verb can be a single word or combination of two or more words but in Arabic verb "Fe'lun" is always a single word. A verb generally refers to three times: Past, Present or Future. In Arabic, the verb is the most important part of the language and therefore it is very important to learn verbs and the verbal sentences to understand Arabic properly.
  
  In this part of lesson we will be discussing the masculine verb used to describe something done in the past time. This type of verb is called Past Tense in English and "Fe'lun Madhiyun" "فِعْلٌ مَاضِيٌ" in Arabic. A masculine "Fe'lun Madhiyun" always takes accusative case but no nunation - a single fatha and no fathatain.  We will learn the present and future tenses at a later stage Insha'Allah.   Unlike English, in Arabic language different type of the verb الفِعْلُ is used for masculine and feminine subjects, we will learn the verbs used for feminine subjects later also Insha'Allah.
   

• The second part of a verbal sentence "Jumla Fe'liya" is the person or the thing doing the action described by the verb. This person or the thing is called Subject of the verb in English and  Faa' ilun "فَاعِلٌ" in Arabic. A "Faa'ilun" always takes nominative case - single dhamma when it is definite i.e., appearing with the definite article al - and dhammatain when it is indefinite i.e., appearing without the definite article al.

• The third part of a verbal sentence "Jumla Fe'liya" is the thing on which the action has been done. This thing is called the Object in English and "Mafoolun" in Arabic language. A "Mafoolun" can be of the following types:

English:	Arabic:	Types of Object "Mafoolun" "مَفْعُولٌ"
Ahmad ate an apple

َ أَكَلَ أَحْمَدُ تُفَّاحَاً	A noun
The boy drank cold milk	شَرَبَ الْوَلَدُ لَبَنَاً بَارِداً	A nominal sentence "Jumla Ismiya"
Yasir went out of the school	خَرَجَ يَاسِرٌ مِنَ الْمَدْرَسَةِ	Genitive Construction "Jarun wa Majroorun"
The man went to the home	ذَهَبَ الْرَّجُلُ إلَى الْبَيْتِ

• In the above sentences all the words appearing in red are the "Mafoolun" which might be a noun or a nominal sentence "Jumla Ismiya" or the genitive construction " Jarun wa Majroorun".

• When a "Mafoolun" is a noun or a nominal sentence, it always takes accusative case i.e., a single fatha when appearing definite - (i.e. with the definite article al) - and double fatha  (fathatain) when appearing indefinite (i.e. without the definite article al). However when the object "Mafoolun" is an expression with preposition "Jarun wa Majroorun" then it takes the genitive case as a result of the preposition. 

• We will have some tests in the next part of the lesson to test your understanding Insha'Allah.